ClaimAuthority and accountabilityverified1910sContext

Authority and accountability · Claim record

Russell sued the Brooklyn Daily Eagle for libel over a cartoon about the price of “Miracle wheat”. The trial judge ruled the cartoon libellous but left the newspaper’s defence of truth to the jury, which found for the Eagle; judgment on that verdict was entered in the Kings County clerk’s office on 3 February 1913 and a new trial refused on 10 February. The Appellate Division affirmed, with costs, on 7 May 1915.

Claim ID claim-authority-eagle-verdictConcerns 3 February 1913Context

The claim and its evidence

Context · 3 February 1913 Verified

Russell sued the Brooklyn Daily Eagle for libel over a cartoon about the price of “Miracle wheat”. The trial judge ruled the cartoon libellous but left the newspaper’s defence of truth to the jury, which found for the Eagle; judgment on that verdict was entered in the Kings County clerk’s office on 3 February 1913 and a new trial refused on 10 February. The Appellate Division affirmed, with costs, on 7 May 1915. Source: New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division, Second Department, 7 May 1915Source: The Watch Tower and Herald of Christ's Presence, 15 February 1913Source: 1975 Yearbook of Jehovah's Witnesses, 1975

The organisation’s position or later explanation: Russell told readers on 15 February 1913 that the verdict was “very unjust”, that he had “nothing whatever to do with” the wheat or its naming, and that he had acted “merely as intermediary”. The 1975 Yearbook calls the charges against him “absolutely false” and does not mention the trial or the verdict.

Show the evidence (3 sources)
Official public record Verified

New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division, Second Department, “Charles T. Russell, Appellant, v. The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Respondent, 168 A.D. 121”

7 May 1915 · pp.121-124 · Appellate Division Reports

“The plaintiff was the editor of a publication purporting to be devoted to a religious propaganda. In it he informed his sympathetic readers that one of his associates had accumulated Miracle wheat, which the associate was disposed to sell to the readers of that publication for one dollar a pound. The associate promised to give the entire proceeds to a corporation organized and controlled by the plaintiff. In the article it was represented that the yield of Miracle wheat was ten or fifteen times as great as the yield of common wheat. The record offered in evidence tended to show, as the result of governmental experiment, that Miracle wheat was no more prolific than brands of wheat in general use and of ordinary quality. There was independent evidence that other wheats could be purchased at prices so low in comparison as to make the advertised price of Miracle wheat exorbitant.”

Russell sued over a cartoon headed “Easy Money Puzzle” carrying the line “If Pastor Russell can get a dollar a pound for Miracle wheat, what could he have got for Miracle stocks and bonds as a director in the old Union Bank?” The trial judge told the jury the cartoon was libellous and left the defence of truth to them; the jury found for the Eagle. The appeal court held the United States Department of Agriculture reports properly admitted and affirmed, with costs.

Provenance and verification note for New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division, Second Department, Charles T. Russell, Appellant, v. The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Respondent, 168 A.D. 121

Confidence note. The full official-reporter text was downloaded and read on 19 September 2026. It records that judgment for the defendant was entered on 3 February 1913 and the motion for a new trial denied on 10 February 1913, and that J. F. Rutherford was on the brief for Russell on appeal. The opinion describes Russell as “an unordained preacher”.

Scan provenance. Caselaw Access Project (Harvard Law School Library) static edition of the official reporter, New York Appellate Division Reports vol. 168.

Notes. The opinion is per curiam; Jenks, P. J., Thomas, Carr, Stapleton and Putnam, JJ., concurred, and the judgment and order were unanimously affirmed with costs. This is the appellate record of the trial that Russell reported to his own readers in The Watch Tower of 15 February 1913.

Accessed. 19 September 2026 · Source ID. src-ctr-ad-1915-0507-russell-v-eagle

Primary JW publication Verified

The Watch Tower and Herald of Christ's Presence, ““As Deceivers and Yet True””

15 February 1913 · pp.62-63 · Charles Taze Russell · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society

“My suit against The Eagle for slanderous defamation of reputation has been decided in its favor. A jury of twelve men have decided that The Eagle was justified in making its vicious onslaughts upon me, notwithstanding the Judge's charge that, according to the law, the cartoon, at least, was a slanderous, vicious libel in fact. ... I have no complaint, nor murmuring against the divine providences which permitted what I consider to be a very unjust verdict.”

Russell's own report to readers immediately after the Brooklyn Daily Eagle libel trial. In the same article he sets out his account of the Miracle Wheat sales, says the seed was donated by two readers and that “we merely acted as intermediary”, and complains that the Eagle's counsel “was allowed to ridicule the ‘Miracle Wheat,’ although I had nothing whatever to do with it, nor with the naming of it”.

Provenance and verification note for The Watch Tower and Herald of Christ's Presence, “As Deceivers and Yet True”

Confidence note. Read in the Reprints volume for 1913. The article opens on the Reprints page whose running head reads “[5188] FEBRUARY 15, 1913 THE WATCH TOWER (61-62)” and runs on to the next page, [5189]; it is followed by the masthead of the 1 March 1913 issue at [5190]. The magazine pages are therefore 62-63.

Scan provenance. The Internet Archive item titled “The watch tower and herald of Christ’s presence, 1913” is the Watch Tower Reprints volume for 1913: it reproduces each issue with its masthead, and every page carries a continuous Reprints page number in square brackets together with the original magazine pages in parentheses in the running head. Read in the item’s OCR text file.

Corroborated by. src-ctr-ad-1915-0507-russell-v-eagle

Accessed. 19 September 2026 · Source ID. src-ctr-wt-1913-0215-as-deceivers

Primary JW publication Verified

1975 Yearbook of Jehovah's Witnesses, “Part 1—United States of America (“Miracle Wheat”)”

1975 · pp.70-71 · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society

“his enemies have charged that he sold a great quantity of ordinary wheat seed under the name of “Miracle Wheat” at one dollar per pound, or sixty dollars per bushel. They have held that from this Russell realized an enormous personal profit. However, these charges are absolutely false. ... The wheat was received and sent out by the Society and the gross receipts from it amounted to about $1,800. Russell himself did not get a penny of this money. ... When others criticized this sale, all who had contributed were informed that if they were dissatisfied their money would be returned. In fact, the identical money received for the wheat was held for a year for that purpose. But not one person asked for a refund.”

The Yearbook's account names K. B. Stoner of Fincastle, Virginia as the grower, records the 1907 United States Department of Agriculture report that first drew Russell's attention, and says two Watch Tower readers, J. A. Bohnet and S. J. Fleming, donated about thirty bushels in 1911 on condition it be sold at a dollar a pound for the Society's benefit.

Provenance and verification note for 1975 Yearbook of Jehovah's Witnesses, Part 1—United States of America (“Miracle Wheat”)

Confidence note. Opened on the Watchtower Online Library; page markers 70 and 71 bracket the passage, and the organisation’s own Index 1930-1985 cites this treatment as “yb75 70-71”. The account does not mention the Brooklyn Daily Eagle trial, the jury’s verdict against Russell, the 1915 appeal, or the government seed tests put in evidence at that trial; a full-text search of the Watchtower Online Library returns no occurrence of “Brooklyn Daily Eagle” anywhere in this Yearbook.

Corroborated by. src-ctr-ad-1915-0507-russell-v-eagle

Notes. The Yearbook says the donors gave “about thirty bushels”; Russell’s own account in The Watch Tower of 15 February 1913 says “the total amount being twenty bushels”. The discrepancy is on the record and neither figure should be published as settled.

Accessed. 19 September 2026 · Source ID. src-ctr-yb-1975-p70-miracle-wheat

Claim page

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