Timeline

Timeline

Master timeline

Every dated entry from every evidence collection, in one place. Entries are colour-coded so that an original expectation, the outcome, and the organisation’s later explanation are never confused with one another. Open any entry to read the evidence without leaving the page.

115 entries · 1889 to 2026
Original expectation Outcome Later explanation Published policy / event Change / finding

All entries, in date order

  1. 1889
    Original expectation Predictions and dates

    ‘The full establishment of the Kingdom of God, will be accomplished by the end of A.D. 1914’

    The Time Is at Hand states as ‘an established truth’ that the final end of earthly kingdoms will be accomplished by the end of 1914 and that the battle of the great day of God Almighty ‘will end in A.D. 1914’. Source: Studies in the Scriptures, Series II: The Time Is at Hand, first edition, 1889Source: Studies in the Scriptures, Series II: The Time Is at Hand, first edition, 1889

    The 1914 evidence bundle

    Open the evidence for ‘The full establishment of the Kingdom of God, will be accomplished by the end of A.D. 1914’

    Related claims: claim-predictions-1889-kingdom-fully-established-by-1914, claim-predictions-1889-battle-ends-1914

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  2. 15 July 1894
    Original expectation Predictions and dates

    ‘They are, we believe, God’s dates, not ours’

    Zion’s Watch Tower tells readers who doubt 1914 that the chronology cannot be changed and that the end of 1914 is ‘the end of the time of trouble’. Source: Zion's Watch Tower and Herald of Christ's Presence, 15 July 1894

    Open the evidence for ‘They are, we believe, God’s dates, not ours’
    Primary JW publication Verified

    Zion's Watch Tower and Herald of Christ's Presence, “Can It Be Delayed Until 1914? (editorial reply to readers)”

    15 July 1894 · pp.226 (standard citation); Reprints pp. 1676-1677 (the passage falls under the [1676] marker) · C. T. Russell (editor) · Tower Publishing Co., Allegheny, Pa.

    “our readers are writing to know if there may not be a mistake in the 1914 date. ... We see no reason for changing the figures—nor could we change them if we would. They are, we believe, God's dates, not ours. But bear in mind that the end of 1914 is not the date for the beginning, but for the end of the time of trouble.”

    Related claims: claim-predictions-1894-gods-dates-not-ours

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  3. 1914
    Outcome Predictions and dates

    The 1914 date is moved to 1915 in the book itself

    A printing dated 1914 already reads ‘near the end of A.D. 1915’ and ‘will end in A.D. 1915’. War begins; no visible Kingdom; the Church is not glorified. Source: Studies in the Scriptures, Series II: The Time Is at Hand, 1914 printing ('1,452,000 Edition'), 1914

    How the date moved

    Open the evidence for The 1914 date is moved to 1915 in the book itself

    Related claims: claim-predictions-1914-edition-changed-to-1915

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  4. Late 1914
    Later explanation Predictions and dates

    ‘We are not a prophet’

    Asked whether the Kingdom might be delayed ‘five, ten or even twenty-five years’, The Watch Tower answers that ‘we are not a prophet; we merely believe that we have come to the place where the Gentile times have ended.’ Source: The Watch Tower and Herald of Christ's Presence, 1 November 1914

    The 1914 evidence bundle

    Open the evidence for ‘We are not a prophet’

    Related claims: claim-predictions-1914-we-are-not-a-prophet

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  5. 1 October 1916
    Later explanation Predictions and dates

    Russell: ‘a natural mistake’

    A new foreword acknowledges that the expectation of the Church’s glorification before October 1914 was a mistake, while saying it ‘did have a very stimulating and sanctifying effect upon thousands’. Source: Studies in the Scriptures, Series II: The Time Is at Hand, later printing with Author's Foreword dated 1 October 1916, 1 October 1916

    Open the evidence for Russell: ‘a natural mistake’
    Primary JW publication Verified

    Studies in the Scriptures, Series II: The Time Is at Hand, later printing with Author's Foreword dated 1 October 1916, “Author's Foreword”

    1 October 1916 · pp.i-iv (foreword) · C. T. Russell · International Bible Students Association

    “The author acknowledges that in this book he presents the thought that the Lord's saints might expect to be with Him in glory at the ending of the Gentile Times. This was a natural mistake to fall into ... Our mistake was evidently not in respect to the ending of the Times of the Gentiles; we drew a false conclusion, however, not authorized by the Word of the Lord.”

    Related claims: claim-predictions-1914-edition-changed-to-1915

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  6. 1917
    Original expectation Predictions and dates

    1918: ‘God destroys the churches wholesale’; 1920: ‘even the republics will disappear’

    The Finished Mystery sets out a spasm of anguish for Christendom in spring 1918, the destruction of the churches in 1918 and the disappearance of republics in autumn 1920. Source: The Finished Mystery (Studies in the Scriptures vol. 7), 1917Source: The Finished Mystery (Studies in the Scriptures vol. 7), 1917Source: The Finished Mystery (Studies in the Scriptures vol. 7), 1917

    The 1918 and 1920 bundle

    Open the evidence for 1918: ‘God destroys the churches wholesale’; 1920: ‘even the republics will disappear’
    Primary JW publication Verified

    The Finished Mystery (Studies in the Scriptures vol. 7), “Commentary on Revelation 1:9-10 region (Parallel Dispensations)”

    1917 · p.62 · C. J. Woodworth and G. H. Fisher (eds.), issued as posthumous work of C. T. Russell · International Bible Students Association / Peoples Pulpit Association

    “prove that the Spring of 1918 will bring upon Christendom a spasm of anguish greater even than that experienced in the Fall of 1914. Reexamine the table of the Parallel Dispensations in STUDIES IN THE SCRIPTURES, Vol. 2, pages 246 and 247; change the 37 to 40, 70 to 73 and 1914 to 1918”

    Primary JW publication Verified

    The Finished Mystery (Studies in the Scriptures vol. 7), “Commentary on Ezekiel 24:25-26”

    1917 · p.485 · C. J. Woodworth and G. H. Fisher (eds.) · International Bible Students Association

    “Also, in the year 1918, when God destroys the churches wholesale and the church members by millions, it shall be that any that escape shall come to the works of Pastor Russell to learn the meaning of the downfall of 'Christianity.'”

    Related claims: claim-predictions-1917-finished-mystery-1918-1920, claim-predictions-1917-watch-tower-1918-few-months

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  7. 1918 to 1920
    Outcome Predictions and dates

    None of it occurs; the Society’s directors are imprisoned

    The churches are not destroyed and republics do not disappear. The organisation’s 1993 history describes such expectations as hopes ‘rooted in a keen desire to see the fulfillment of … the unfailing promises of God’. Source: Jehovah's Witnesses—Proclaimers of God's Kingdom (jv), 1993

    The 1918 and 1920 bundle

    Open the evidence for None of it occurs; the Society’s directors are imprisoned
    Primary JW publication Verified

    Jehovah's Witnesses—Proclaimers of God's Kingdom (jv), “Chapter 28, Testing and Sifting From Within — 'Were Their Expectations Correct?'”

    1993 · pp.631-633 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York

    “This later led to the idea—sometimes stated as a possibility, sometimes more firmly—that since the seventh millennium of human history would begin in 1975, events associated with the beginning of Christ's Millennial Reign might start to take place then. ... some of their time calculations and the expectations that they associated with these gave rise to serious disappointments. Following 1925, meeting attendance dropped dramatically in some congregations in France and Switzerland. Again, in 1975, there was disappointment”

    Related claims: claim-predictions-1993-proclaimers-summary

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  8. 1920
    Original expectation Predictions and dates

    ‘We may expect 1925 to witness the return of these faithful men of Israel’

    Millions Now Living Will Never Die expects the resurrection of Abraham, Isaac, Jacob and the faithful prophets in 1925, and therefore that ‘millions now living will never die’. Source: Millions Now Living Will Never Die, 1920Source: Millions Now Living Will Never Die, 1920

    The 1925 and Beth-Sarim bundle

    Open the evidence for ‘We may expect 1925 to witness the return of these faithful men of Israel’
    Primary JW publication Verified

    Millions Now Living Will Never Die, “The Jubilee / Earthly Rulers sections”

    1920 · pp.88-90 · J. F. Rutherford · International Bible Students Association

    “we may expect 1925 to witness the return of these faithful men of Israel from the condition of death, being resurrected and fully restored to perfect humanity ... Therefore we may confidently expect that 1925 will mark the return of Abraham, Isaac, Jacob and the faithful prophets of old”

    Primary JW publication Verified

    Millions Now Living Will Never Die, “Concluding argument”

    1920 · p.97 · J. F. Rutherford · International Bible Students Association

    “that 1925 shall mark the resurrection of the faithful worthies of old and the beginning of reconstruction, it is reasonable to conclude that millions of people now on the earth will be still on the earth in 1925. Then ... we must reach the positive and indisputable conclusion that millions now living will never die.”

    Related claims: claim-predictions-1920-millions-1925-resurrection

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  9. 1922 to 1924
    Original expectation Predictions and dates

    1925 ‘even more distinctly indicated’ than 1914; ‘definitely settled by the Scriptures’

    The Watch Tower of 1 September 1922, 1 April 1923 and 15 July 1924 describe 1925 as fixed by Scripture, ‘even more clearly than that of 1914’. Source: The Watch Tower and Herald of Christ's Presence, 1 September 1922Source: The Watch Tower and Herald of Christ's Presence, 1 April 1923Source: The Watch Tower and Herald of Christ's Presence, 15 July 1924

    The 1925 and Beth-Sarim bundle

    Open the evidence for 1925 ‘even more distinctly indicated’ than 1914; ‘definitely settled by the Scriptures’
    Primary JW publication Verified

    The Watch Tower and Herald of Christ's Presence, “Questions and answers (on reports that pilgrims were told to stop talking about 1925)”

    1 April 1923 · p.106 · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society

    “Our thought is, that 1925 is definitely settled by the Scriptures, marking the end of the typical jubilees. Just exactly what will happen at that time no one can tell to a certainty; but we expect such a climax in the affairs of the world that the people will begin to realize the presence of the Lord and his kingdom power.”

    Related claims: claim-predictions-1922-1925-more-distinctly-than-1914, claim-predictions-1923-1925-definitely-settled

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  10. 1 January 1925
    Later explanation Predictions and dates

    ‘This may be accomplished. It may not be.’

    With the year begun, The Watch Tower says many ‘have confidently expected’ the Church’s change to heavenly glory in 1925 and urges Christians not to be ‘so deeply concerned about what may transpire during this year’. Source: The Watch Tower and Herald of Christ's Presence, 1 January 1925

    Open the evidence for ‘This may be accomplished. It may not be.’
    Primary JW publication Verified

    The Watch Tower and Herald of Christ's Presence, “Work for the Anointed”

    1 January 1925 · p.3 · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society

    “The year 1925 is here. With great expectation Christians have looked forward to this year. Many have confidently expected that all members of the body of Christ will be changed to heavenly glory during the year. This may be accomplished. It may not be. ... Christians should not be so deeply concerned about what may transpire during this year”

    Related claims: claim-predictions-1925-january-expectation-qualified

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  11. September 1925 to 1926
    Outcome Predictions and dates

    Nothing predicted for 1925 occurs

    By September 1925 the expectation is called partly ‘selfish’ and a thought Satan will try to ‘inject’. In 1926: ‘many said: The ancient worthies have not returned … surely the Lord hath forgotten us.’ Later official histories record dashed hopes and falling attendance. Source: The Watch Tower and Herald of Christ's Presence, 1 September 1925Source: The Watch Tower and Herald of Christ's Presence, 15 August 1926Source: 1975 Yearbook of Jehovah's Witnesses, 1975

    The 1925 and Beth-Sarim bundle

    Open the evidence for Nothing predicted for 1925 occurs
    Primary JW publication Verified

    The Watch Tower and Herald of Christ's Presence, “(study article on diligence to the end)”

    1 September 1925 · pp.259-262 · pars. 10, 25-26 · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society

    “The end of 1925 is about here. Some have expected to see the work of the church in the flesh completed this year. ... It is to be expected that Satan will try to inject into the minds of the consecrated the thought that 1925 should see an end of the work”

    Primary JW publication Verified

    1975 Yearbook of Jehovah's Witnesses, “Part 2—United States of America”

    1975 · p.146 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York

    “The year 1925 came and went. Jesus' anointed followers were still on earth as a class. The faithful men of old times—Abraham, David and others—had not been resurrected to become princes in the earth. ... 'Instead of its being considered a "probability," they read into it that it was a "certainty," and some prepared for their own loved ones with expectancy of their resurrection.'”

    Related claims: claim-predictions-1925-september-satan-inject, claim-predictions-1925-outcome-disappointment

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  12. 1 December 1928
    Change Doctrine changes Changed

    The Great Pyramid teaching is repudiated

    ‘There is therefore no justification for applying any of these texts to the pyramid of Gizeh’, ending a teaching held since 1891. Source: The Watch Tower and Herald of Christ's Presence, 1 December 1928

    Open the evidence for The Great Pyramid teaching is repudiated
    Primary JW publication Verified

    The Watch Tower and Herald of Christ's Presence, “The Altar in Egypt (part 2)”

    1 December 1928 · pp.355-362 (issue Vol. XLIX No. 23; quoted passage c. p. 356) · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society

    “There is therefore no justification for applying any of these texts to the pyramid of Gizeh. … It is impossible to fit the literal pyramid of Gizeh to the prophet's description; but the position and condition of the remnant of God exactly fit the prophetic description”

    Related claims: claim-doctrine-pyramid-1928-repudiated

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  13. 1929
    Published policy Doctrine changes Prohibited

    The Golden Age against vaccination

    ‘The practice of vaccination is a crime, an outrage and a delusion’ (reprinted article); vaccinations ‘pollute the blood stream with their filthy pus’. Source: The Golden Age, 1 May 1929Source: The Golden Age, 13 November 1929

    Open the evidence for The Golden Age against vaccination
    Primary JW publication Verified

    The Golden Age, “Vaccination (by Dr. H. R. Rickards, reprinted from The Quest)”

    1 May 1929 · pp.502-503 · H. R. Rickards (reprint) · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society (Golden Age Publishing)

    “Thinking people would rather have smallpox than vaccination, because the latter sows the seed of syphilis, cancers, eczema, erysipelas, scrofula, consumption, even leprosy and many other loathsome affections. Hence the practice of vaccination is a crime, an outrage and a delusion.”

    Related claims: claim-doctrine-vaccination-1929-crime-delusion

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  14. 24 December 1929
    Original expectation Predictions and dates

    Beth-Sarim deeded in trust for the returning ‘princes’

    A deed published in The Golden Age holds the San Diego house ‘perpetually in trust’ for David, Gideon, Barak, Samson, Jephthah, Joseph, Samuel and other faithful men expected to return; Salvation (1939) repeats the purpose. Source: The Golden Age, 19 March 1930Source: Salvation (book), 1939

    Beth-Sarim in detail

    Open the evidence for Beth-Sarim deeded in trust for the returning ‘princes’
    Primary JW publication Verified

    The Golden Age, “(defence of Rutherford and publication of the Beth-Sarim deed) by R. J. Martin”

    19 March 1930 · pp.405-407 · R. J. Martin · Golden Age Publishing Co. / Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society

    “the said WATCH TOWER BIBLE AND TRACT SOCIETY shall hold said title perpetually in trust for the use of any or all of the men above named as representatives of God's kingdom on earth ... Any persons appearing to take possession of said premises shall first prove and identify themselves ... as the person or persons described in Hebrews chapter eleven”

    Related claims: claim-predictions-1929-beth-sarim-deed, claim-predictions-1939-salvation-beth-sarim-purpose

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  15. 26 July 1931
    Event Authority and accountability

    The name ‘Jehovah’s witnesses’ adopted

    By resolution at the Columbus, Ohio convention; previously International Bible Students. Source: The Watchtower, 15 August 1955Source: Jehovah’s Witnesses—Proclaimers of God’s Kingdom (book), 1993

    Open the evidence for The name ‘Jehovah’s witnesses’ adopted
    Primary JW publication Verified

    Jehovah’s Witnesses—Proclaimers of God’s Kingdom (book), “Chapter 11: How We Came to Be Known as Jehovah’s Witnesses”

    1993 · pp.149-158 · p. 151 (earlier names); p. 156 (1931 resolution) · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania

    “starting in 1910, they used the name International Bible Students’ Association with reference to their meetings. In 1914, in order to avoid confusion with their recently formed legal corporation called International Bible Students Association, they adopted the name Associated Bible Students [p. 151] … we desire to be known as and called by the name, to wit, Jehovah’s witnesses.—Isa. 43:10-12 [p. 156]”

    Related claims: claim-authority-1931-name-jehovahs-witnesses-adopted

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  16. 1943
    Change Doctrine changes Changed

    Christ’s presence dated to 1914 rather than 1874

    ‘The King’s presence or parousia began in 1914.’ Source: “The Truth Shall Make You Free” (book), 1943

    Open the evidence for Christ’s presence dated to 1914 rather than 1874

    Related claims: claim-doctrine-presence-1914-by-1943

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  17. 1943
    Later explanation Predictions and dates

    Christ’s invisible presence re-dated from 1874 to 1914

    Publications taught an 1874 presence into the 1920s (1922 and 1923 verified). The Truth Shall Make You Free (1943) dates the Kingdom’s birth to 1914 and does not mention 1874; the organisation’s history says ‘a clearer understanding of Biblical chronology was published in 1943’ and calls the earlier chronology ‘flawed’. Source: The Watch Tower and Herald of Christ's Presence, 1 March 1922Source: The Truth Shall Make You Free (book), 1943Source: Jehovah's Witnesses—Proclaimers of God's Kingdom (jv), 1993

    Open the evidence for Christ’s invisible presence re-dated from 1874 to 1914
    Primary JW publication Verified

    Jehovah's Witnesses—Proclaimers of God's Kingdom (jv), “Chapter 10, Growing in Accurate Knowledge of the Truth”

    1993 · pp.133 (and footnote i) · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York

    “From Mr. Barbour ... Russell also came to be persuaded that Christ's invisible presence had begun in 1874. ... [fn. i] A clearer understanding of Biblical chronology was published in 1943, in the book 'The Truth Shall Make You Free,' and it was then refined the following year”

    Related claims: claim-predictions-1874-presence-taught-until-1943

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  18. 1 July 1945
    Published policy Blood doctrine Prohibited

    The transfusion prohibition enters Watchtower teaching

    The organisation’s own 1993 history dates its position that Christians must abstain from blood transfusions to The Watchtower of 1 July 1945 (‘Immovable for the Right Worship’). The 1945 article itself is not on the Online Library and no lawful scan has been opened, so its wording is not quoted here. Source: Jehovah's Witnesses—Proclaimers of God's Kingdom (book), 1993Source: The Watchtower, 1 March 1987

    Open the evidence for The transfusion prohibition enters Watchtower teaching

    Related claims: claim-blood-1945-prohibition-introduced, claim-blood-1945-wording-unverified

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  19. 1947 to 1948
    Later explanation Predictions and dates

    Beth-Sarim sold: ‘a monument quite expensive to keep’

    The organisation’s 1993 history quotes The Watchtower of 15 December 1947: the house ‘had fully served its purpose’ and faith in the return of the men of old ‘is based, not upon that house … but upon God’s Word of promise’. Source: Jehovah's Witnesses—Proclaimers of God's Kingdom (jv), 1993

    Open the evidence for Beth-Sarim sold: ‘a monument quite expensive to keep’
    Primary JW publication Verified

    Jehovah's Witnesses—Proclaimers of God's Kingdom (jv), “Chapter 7, footnotes on Beth-Sarim”

    1993 · p.89 · footnotes · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York

    “A few years after Brother Rutherford's death, the board of directors of the Watch Tower Society decided to sell Beth-Sarim. Why? 'The Watchtower' of December 15, 1947, explained: 'It had fully served its purpose and was now only serving as a monument quite expensive to keep'”

    Related claims: claim-predictions-1929-beth-sarim-deed

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  20. 1 July 1951
    Published policy Blood doctrine Prohibited

    ‘Eating it through his veins’

    Questions From Readers says a patient receiving a transfusion ‘is eating it through his veins’. No congregational penalty is mentioned. Source: The Watchtower, 1 July 1951

    Open the evidence for ‘Eating it through his veins’

    Related claims: claim-blood-1951-eating-through-veins, claim-blood-1951-no-penalty-stated

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  21. 1 July 1951
    Original expectation Predictions and dates

    ‘This generation’ means people living in 1914

    The Watchtower says ‘generation’ must be taken ‘in the ordinary sense’, for those living at the given period, from 1914. Source: The Watchtower, 1 July 1951

    The generation of 1914

    Open the evidence for ‘This generation’ means people living in 1914

    Related claims: claim-predictions-1951-generation-ordinary-sense

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  22. 1 February 1952
    Published policy Authority and accountability

    ‘Meekly go along with the Lord’s theocratic organization’

    Readers should ‘wait for further clarification, rather than balk at the first mention of a thought unpalatable to us’. Source: The Watchtower, 1 February 1952

    Open the evidence for ‘Meekly go along with the Lord’s theocratic organization’
    Primary JW publication Verified

    The Watchtower, “Jehovah’s Theocratic Organization Today”

    1 February 1952 · pp.76-83 · par. 11 (p. 80) · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania

    “We should meekly go along with the Lord’s theocratic organization and wait for further clarification, rather than balk at the first mention of a thought unpalatable to us and proceed to quibble and mouth our criticisms and opinions as though they were worth more than the slave’s provision of spiritual food.”

    Related claims: claim-authority-1952-meekly-go-along-and-wait

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  23. 1 March 1952
    Published policy Shunning and family Prohibited

    Formal disfellowshipping and avoidance introduced

    The Watchtower sets out expulsion of unrepentant wrongdoers and directs members not to have religious communion with them. Source: The Watchtower, 1 March 1952Source: The Watchtower, 15 November 1952

    Open the evidence for Formal disfellowshipping and avoidance introduced

    Related claims: claim-shunning-1952-avoidance-introduced

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  24. 15 December 1952
    Change Doctrine changes Personal decision

    Vaccination becomes a personal matter

    Vaccination ‘does not appear to us to be in violation of the everlasting covenant made with Noah’. Source: The Watchtower, 15 December 1952

    Open the evidence for Vaccination becomes a personal matter
    Primary JW publication Verified

    The Watchtower, “Questions From Readers (Is vaccination a violation of God's law forbidding the taking of blood into the system?)”

    15 December 1952 · p.764 · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society

    “The matter of vaccination is one for the individual that has to face it to decide for himself. … it does not appear to us to be in violation of the everlasting covenant made with Noah, as set down in Genesis 9:4, nor contrary to God's related commandment at Leviticus 17:10-14. Most certainly it cannot reasonably or Scripturally be argued and proved that, by being vaccinated, the inoculated person is either eating or drinking blood”

    Related claims: claim-doctrine-vaccination-1952-reversal

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  25. 15 September 1958
    Published policy Blood doctrine Personal decision

    Serums and gamma globulin left to ‘individual judgment’

    Diphtheria antitoxin and gamma globulin are said not to be the same as taking blood as a nutrient; accepting them is ‘a matter of individual judgment’. Source: The Watchtower, 15 September 1958

    Open the evidence for Serums and gamma globulin left to ‘individual judgment’

    Related claims: claim-blood-1958-serums-individual-judgment

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  26. 15 January 1961
    Published policy Blood doctrine Prohibited

    Accepting a transfusion becomes a disfellowshipping matter

    Asked whether a baptised Witness who accepts a transfusion is subject to disfellowshipping, The Watchtower answers: ‘The inspired Holy Scriptures answer yes.’ Source: The Watchtower, 15 January 1961

    Open the evidence for Accepting a transfusion becomes a disfellowshipping matter

    Related claims: claim-blood-1961-disfellowshipping

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  27. 15 September 1961
    Published policy Blood doctrine Prohibited

    ‘Lifesaving efforts by unscriptural means’

    Two study articles treat transfusion as a violation of divine law: ‘How foolish it is to think that one can save life by violating the laws of the Life-giver!’ The often-quoted ‘temporary prolongation of life’ sentence was not found in either article. Source: The Watchtower, 15 September 1961

    Open the evidence for ‘Lifesaving efforts by unscriptural means’

    Related claims: claim-blood-1961-lifesaving-unscriptural-means, claim-blood-1961-prolongation-quote-not-located

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  28. 1 November 1961
    Published policy Blood doctrine Prohibited

    Infusing ‘some blood fraction to sustain one’s life is wrong’

    The 1958 ‘individual judgment’ line is narrowed: a transfusion, ‘or, in lieu of that, the infusing of some blood fraction to sustain one’s life is wrong’. Source: The Watchtower, 1 November 1961

    Open the evidence for Infusing ‘some blood fraction to sustain one’s life is wrong’

    Related claims: claim-blood-1961-fraction-to-sustain-life-wrong

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  29. 15 November 1962
    Change Doctrine changes Changed

    ‘Superior authorities’ are secular governments again

    Reversing the 1929 view that Romans 13:1 referred to Jehovah and Jesus. Source: The Watchtower, 15 November 1962

    Open the evidence for ‘Superior authorities’ are secular governments again
    Primary JW publication Verified

    The Watchtower, “Subjection to “Superior Authorities”—Why?”

    15 November 1962 · pp.681-690 · par. 4 (p. 682); par. 7 (p. 683) · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society

    “Paul wrote to the Christians at Rome, not about Christendom's political rulers, but about pagan rulers like Caesar and his governors and kings of individual nations. … So the “superior authorities” have their setting logically in the world outside the congregation.”

    Related claims: claim-doctrine-superior-authorities-1962-governments

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  30. 1966
    Original expectation Predictions and dates

    ‘Six thousand years from man’s creation will end in 1975’

    Life Everlasting—in Freedom of the Sons of God links autumn 1975 to the end of six thousand years and asks how appropriate a millennial sabbath would then be. Source: Life Everlasting—in Freedom of the Sons of God (book), 1966

    The 1975 evidence bundle

    Open the evidence for ‘Six thousand years from man’s creation will end in 1975’
    Primary JW publication Verified

    Life Everlasting—in Freedom of the Sons of God (book), “Chapter 1, pars. 41-43”

    1966 · pp.29-30 · pars. 41-43 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York

    “According to this trustworthy Bible chronology six thousand years from man's creation will end in 1975, and the seventh period of a thousand years of human history will begin in the fall of 1975 C.E. ... How appropriate it would be for Jehovah God to make of this coming seventh period of a thousand years a sabbath period of rest and release, a great Jubilee sabbath”

    Related claims: claim-predictions-1966-life-everlasting-1975

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  31. 1 October 1967
    Published policy Authority and accountability

    ‘The Bible cannot be properly understood without Jehovah’s visible organization in mind’

    The Bible ‘is an organizational book and belongs to the Christian congregation as an organization, not to individuals’. Source: The Watchtower, 1 October 1967

    Open the evidence for ‘The Bible cannot be properly understood without Jehovah’s visible organization in mind’
    Primary JW publication Verified

    The Watchtower, “Finding Freedom with Jehovah’s Visible Organization”

    1 October 1967 · pp.585-591 · par. 9 (p. 587) · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania

    “Thus the Bible is an organizational book and belongs to the Christian congregation as an organization, not to individuals, regardless of how sincerely they may believe that they can interpret the Bible. For this reason the Bible cannot be properly understood without Jehovah’s visible organization in mind.”

    Related claims: claim-authority-1967-bible-cannot-be-understood-without-organization

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  32. 15 November 1967
    Published policy Doctrine changes Prohibited

    Organ transplants described as ‘cannibalistic’

    Those who accept transplants are ‘living off the flesh of another human’. Source: The Watchtower, 15 November 1967

    Open the evidence for Organ transplants described as ‘cannibalistic’
    Primary JW publication Verified

    The Watchtower, “Questions From Readers (donating one's body for research / accepting transplanted organs)”

    15 November 1967 · pp.702-704 · p. 702 · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society

    “Those who submit to such operations are thus living off the flesh of another human. That is cannibalistic. However, in allowing man to eat animal flesh Jehovah God did not grant permission for humans to try to perpetuate their lives by cannibalistically taking into their bodies human flesh, whether chewed or in the form of whole organs or body parts taken from others.”

    Related claims: claim-doctrine-transplants-1967-cannibalistic

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  33. 15 August 1968
    Original expectation Predictions and dates

    ‘It may involve only a difference of weeks or months, not years’

    ‘Why Are You Looking Forward to 1975?’ asks whether Armageddon will be over by autumn 1975: ‘Possibly, but we wait to see … It may involve only a difference of weeks or months, not years.’ Awake! that October says the 1970s ‘will certainly see the most critical times mankind has yet known’. Source: The Watchtower, 15 August 1968Source: Awake!, 8 October 1968Source: The Watchtower, 1 May 1968

    The 1975 evidence bundle

    Open the evidence for ‘It may involve only a difference of weeks or months, not years’
    Primary JW publication Verified

    The Watchtower, “Why Are You Looking Forward to 1975?”

    15 August 1968 · pp.494-501 · pars. 29-30, 37 · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society

    “Are we to assume from this study that the battle of Armageddon will be all over by the autumn of 1975, and the long-looked-for thousand-year reign of Christ will begin by then? Possibly, but we wait to see how closely the seventh thousand-year period of man's existence coincides with the sabbathlike thousand-year reign of Christ.”

    Primary JW publication Verified

    Awake!, “What Will the 1970's Bring?”

    8 October 1968 · pp.13-15 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York

    “That seven-year period will evidently finish in the autumn of the year 1975. Does this mean that the above evidence positively points to 1975 as the time for the complete end of this system of things? Since the Bible does not specifically state this, no man can say. However, of this we can be sure: The 1970's will certainly see the most critical times mankind has yet known.”

    Primary JW publication Verified

    The Watchtower, “Making Wise Use of the Remaining Time”

    1 May 1968 · pp.271-273 · pars. 5, 8 · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society

    “Eight years from the autumn of 1967 would bring us to the autumn of 1975, fully 6,000 years into God's seventh day, his rest day. ... Does this mean that the year 1975 will bring the battle of Armageddon? No one can say with certainty what any particular year will bring.”

    Related claims: claim-predictions-1968-weeks-or-months, claim-predictions-1968-awake-1970s, claim-predictions-1968-may-cautionary

    #
  34. 22 May 1969
    Original expectation Predictions and dates

    Young readers ‘will never grow old in this present system of things’

    Awake! tells young people that the system ‘is due to end in a few years’ and that they ‘will never fulfill any career that this system offers’. Source: Awake!, 22 May 1969

    Open the evidence for Young readers ‘will never grow old in this present system of things’
    Primary JW publication Verified

    Awake!, “What Future for the Young? (article addressed to young people)”

    22 May 1969 · pp.13-14 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York

    “If you are a young person, you also need to face the fact that you will never grow old in this present system of things. Why not? Because all the evidence in fulfillment of Bible prophecy indicates that this corrupt system is due to end in a few years. ... Therefore, as a young person, you will never fulfill any career that this system offers.”

    Related claims: claim-predictions-1969-never-grow-old

    #
  35. 1 April 1972
    Published policy Authority and accountability

    The organisation identifies itself as God’s ‘prophet’

    ‘This “prophet” was not one man, but was a body of men and women … Today they are known as Jehovah’s Christian witnesses.’ Source: The Watchtower, 1 April 1972

    Open the evidence for The organisation identifies itself as God’s ‘prophet’
    Primary JW publication Verified

    The Watchtower, “‘They Shall Know that a Prophet Was Among Them’”

    1 April 1972 · pp.197-200 · p. 197 (identification); p. 199 (modern-day Ezekiel) · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania

    “He had a “prophet” to warn them. This “prophet” was not one man, but was a body of men and women. It was the small group of footstep followers of Jesus Christ, known at that time as International Bible Students. Today they are known as Jehovah’s Christian witnesses.”

    Related claims: claim-authority-1972-organisation-identified-itself-as-prophet

    #
  36. May 1974
    Original expectation Predictions and dates

    ‘Brothers selling their homes and property’ praised

    Kingdom Ministry: ‘Certainly this is a fine way to spend the short time remaining before the wicked world’s end.’ Source: Kingdom Ministry, May 1974

    The 1975 evidence bundle

    Open the evidence for ‘Brothers selling their homes and property’ praised

    Related claims: claim-predictions-1974-km-selling-homes

    #
  37. 1 August 1974
    Published policy Shunning and family Personal decision

    A ‘balanced viewpoint’: family decides about relatives

    It was ‘not right to treat such ones in an inhumane way’; contact with disfellowshipped relatives outside the home is left to the family. Source: The Watchtower, 1 August 1974

    Open the evidence for A ‘balanced viewpoint’: family decides about relatives
    Primary JW publication Verified

    The Watchtower, “Maintaining a Balanced Viewpoint Toward Disfellowshiped Ones”

    1 August 1974 · pp.466-473 · par. 5, 9, 17-23 · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania

    “As to disfellowshiped family members (not minor sons or daughters) living outside the home, each family must decide to what extent they will have association with such ones. This is not something that the congregational elders can decide for them.”

    Related claims: claim-shunning-1974-balanced-viewpoint

    #
  38. Autumn 1975
    Outcome Predictions and dates

    1975 passes

    The Watchtower of 1 October 1975 marks that mankind ‘completed 6,000 years of existence on earth’. Peak publishers fall in the 1977 and 1978 service years; the 1979 Yearbook reports a 1.4 per cent decrease. Source: The Watchtower, 1 October 1975Source: 1979 Yearbook of Jehovah's Witnesses, 1979

    The 1975 evidence bundle

    Open the evidence for 1975 passes
    Primary JW publication Verified

    1979 Yearbook of Jehovah's Witnesses, “1978 Service Year Report”

    1979 · p.23 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York

    “There has been an overall 1.4-percent decrease in the number of Kingdom publishers. ... there were 2,086,698, on the average, who shared in making known the 'good news' compared with 2,117,194 the year before. The peak number of publishers came to 2,182,341, which is also below that of last year.”

    Related claims: claim-predictions-1975-outcome-nothing, claim-predictions-1976-1978-publisher-decline

    #
  39. 15 July 1976
    Later explanation Predictions and dates

    ‘It was not the word of God that failed’

    Anyone disappointed ‘should now concentrate on adjusting his viewpoint, seeing that it was not the word of God that failed or deceived him … but that his own understanding was based on wrong premises.’ Source: The Watchtower, 15 July 1976

    Open the evidence for ‘It was not the word of God that failed’
    Primary JW publication Verified

    The Watchtower, “A Solid Basis for Confidence”

    15 July 1976 · pp.440-441 · pars. 15-16 · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society

    “If anyone has been disappointed through not following this line of thought, he should now concentrate on adjusting his viewpoint, seeing that it was not the word of God that failed or deceived him and brought disappointment, but that his own understanding was based on wrong premises.”

    Related claims: claim-predictions-1976-not-the-word-of-god-that-failed

    #
  40. 15 June 1978
    Change Blood doctrine Personal decision

    Serums and haemophilia preparations become a ‘gray area’

    Serums for diphtheria, tetanus, hepatitis, rabies, haemophilia and Rh incompatibility ‘seem to fall into a “gray area”’ to be resolved ‘by each individual on a personal basis’. Source: The Watchtower, 15 June 1978

    Open the evidence for Serums and haemophilia preparations become a ‘gray area’

    Related claims: claim-blood-1978-serums-grey-area

    #
  41. 15 March 1980
    Change Doctrine changes Personal decision

    Organ transplants become ‘a matter for personal decision’

    A judicial committee ‘would not take disciplinary action if someone accepted an organ transplant’. Source: The Watchtower, 15 March 1980

    Open the evidence for Organ transplants become ‘a matter for personal decision’

    Related claims: claim-doctrine-transplants-1980-personal-decision

    #
  42. 15 March 1980
    Later explanation Predictions and dates

    ‘It is to be regretted’

    The Watchtower acknowledges that ‘there were other statements published that implied that such realization of hopes by that year was more of a probability than a mere possibility’. Source: The Watchtower, 15 March 1980

    Open the evidence for ‘It is to be regretted’
    Primary JW publication Verified

    The Watchtower, “Choosing the Best Way of Life”

    15 March 1980 · pp.17-18 · par. 5 · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society

    “With the appearance of the book Life Everlasting—in Freedom of the Sons of God ... considerable expectation was aroused regarding the year 1975. ... there were other statements published that implied that such realization of hopes by that year was more of a probability than a mere possibility. It is to be regretted that these latter statements apparently overshadowed the cautionary ones”

    Related claims: claim-predictions-1980-admission-probability

    #
  43. 15 September 1981
    Published policy Doctrine changes Prohibited

    Not even ‘Hello’ to a disfellowshipped person

    ‘Would we want to take that first step with a disfellowshiped person?’ Source: The Watchtower, 15 September 1981

    Open the evidence for Not even ‘Hello’ to a disfellowshipped person
    Primary JW publication Verified

    The Watchtower, “Disfellowshiping—How to View It”

    15 September 1981 · pp.20-26 · par. 21 (p. 24); par. 23 (p. 25) · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society

    “And we all know from our experience over the years that a simple “Hello” to someone can be the first step that develops into a conversation and maybe even a friendship. Would we want to take that first step with a disfellowshiped person?”

    Related claims: claim-doctrine-shunning-1981-no-hello

    #
  44. 15 September 1981
    Change Shunning and family Prohibited

    ‘Not even saying “Hello”’; disassociated treated the same

    2 John 9-11 applied to all expelled persons; a new category, disassociation, is treated identically; a member who persists in associating may be expelled. Source: The Watchtower, 15 September 1981Source: The Watchtower, 15 September 1981

    Open the evidence for ‘Not even saying “Hello”’; disassociated treated the same
    Primary JW publication Verified

    The Watchtower, “Disfellowshiping—How to View It”

    15 September 1981 · pp.20-26 · par. 12-16, 21-27 · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania

    “And we all know from our experience over the years that a simple “Hello” to someone can be the first step that develops into a conversation and maybe even a friendship. Would we want to take that first step with a disfellowshiped person?”

    Related claims: claim-shunning-1981-not-even-hello, claim-shunning-1981-disassociated-treated-as-disfellowshipped, claim-shunning-1981-member-who-associates-may-be-expelled

    #
  45. 22 June 1982
    Published policy Blood doctrine Prohibited

    Components named; stored own blood ‘objectionable’

    A JAMA article reprinted in Awake! states that Witnesses refuse whole blood, packed red cells, white cells and platelets, and that storage-based haemodilution or collection is ‘objectionable’, while continuous-circuit procedures are widely accepted. Source: Awake!, 22 June 1982

    Open the evidence for Components named; stored own blood ‘objectionable’

    Related claims: claim-blood-1982-jama-components, claim-blood-1982-storage-objectionable

    #
  46. 15 January 1983
    Published policy Authority and accountability

    ‘Avoid Independent Thinking’

    Questioning ‘the counsel that is provided by God’s visible organization’ is called independent thinking promoted by Satan; the argument that past adjustments justify deciding for oneself is labelled ‘pride’. Source: The Watchtower, 15 January 1983Source: The Watchtower, 15 January 1983

    Open the evidence for ‘Avoid Independent Thinking’
    Primary JW publication Verified

    The Watchtower, “Exposing the Devil’s Subtle Designs”

    15 January 1983 · pp.18-22 · par. 20-21 (p. 22), section headed 'Avoid Independent Thinking' · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania

    “From the very outset of his rebellion Satan called into question God’s way of doing things. He promoted independent thinking. … How is such independent thinking manifested? A common way is by questioning the counsel that is provided by God’s visible organization.”

    Primary JW publication Verified

    The Watchtower, “Armed for the Fight Against Wicked Spirits”

    15 January 1983 · pp.23-27 · par. 19-20 (p. 27), section headed 'Fight Against Independent Thinking' · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania

    “Yet there are some who point out that the organization has had to make adjustments before, and so they argue: “This shows that we have to make up our own mind on what to believe.” This is independent thinking. Why is it so dangerous? Such thinking is an evidence of pride. … Really, can we get along without the direction of God’s organization?” No, we cannot!”

    Related claims: claim-authority-1983-independent-thinking-called-satanic, claim-authority-1983-doctrinal-adjustments-no-licence-for-own-conclusions

    #
  47. 15 May 1984
    Original expectation Predictions and dates

    ‘1914—The Generation That Will Not Pass Away’

    A cover article notes that ‘the babies of that generation are now 70 years old or older’ and says the prophecies ‘will be fulfilled within the life span of the generation of 1914’. Every Awake! carries the same promise on page 4. Source: The Watchtower, 15 May 1984Source: Our Kingdom Ministry, October 1993Source: Reasoning From the Scriptures (1985; 1989 revision on wol), 1985

    The generation of 1914

    Open the evidence for ‘1914—The Generation That Will Not Pass Away’
    Primary JW publication Verified

    The Watchtower, “1914—The Generation That Will Not Pass Away”

    15 May 1984 · pp.4-7 · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society

    “If Jesus used 'generation' in that sense and we apply it to 1914, then the babies of that generation are now 70 years old or older. ... Jehovah's prophetic word through Christ Jesus is: 'This generation [of 1914] will by no means pass away until all things occur.' (Luke 21:32) And Jehovah ... will bring about the fulfillment of his Son's words in a relatively short time.”

    Related claims: claim-predictions-1984-generation-babies-70, claim-predictions-1982-1995-awake-masthead

    #
  48. 1 June 1985
    Change Authority and accountability Changed

    Baptism vow names the ‘spirit-directed organization’

    The second baptism question asks candidates whether they understand that baptism identifies them as Witnesses ‘in association with God’s spirit-directed organization’. Source: The Watchtower, 1 June 1985

    Open the evidence for Baptism vow names the ‘spirit-directed organization’

    Related claims: claim-authority-1985-baptism-vow-names-the-organisation

    #
  49. 15 July 1985
    Later explanation Shunning and family

    2 John 10 given ‘a wider application’

    The greeting prohibition is said to apply beyond false teachers to all expelled persons. Source: The Watchtower, 15 July 1985

    Open the evidence for 2 John 10 given ‘a wider application’

    Related claims: claim-shunning-1985-2-john-10-wider-application

    #
  50. 10 June 1987
    Finding Shunning and family

    US court: shunning constitutionally protected; harms ‘real and not insubstantial’

    Paul v. Watchtower (9th Circuit): the practice is part of the faith and protected; the harm to the plaintiff is ‘a price well worth paying’ for religious freedom. Source: United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, Paul v. Watchtower Bible & Tract Society of New York, Inc., 819 F.2d 875 (9th Cir. 1987), No. 85-4012, 10 June 1987

    Open the evidence for US court: shunning constitutionally protected; harms ‘real and not insubstantial’
    Official public record Verified

    United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, Paul v. Watchtower Bible & Tract Society of New York, Inc., 819 F.2d 875 (9th Cir. 1987), No. 85-4012, “Opinion by Reinhardt, Circuit Judge (Wright, Tang, Reinhardt)”

    10 June 1987 · pp.819 F.2d 875 · paras 1, 11-12, 23, 36-37 (as numbered in the Public.Resource.Org text) · United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit

    “Although we recognize that the harms suffered by Janice Paul are real and not insubstantial, permitting her to recover for intangible or emotional injuries would unconstitutionally restrict the Jehovah’s Witnesses free exercise of religion. ... The constitutional guarantee of the free exercise of religion requires that society tolerate the type of harms suffered by Paul as a price well worth paying to safeguard the right of religious difference that all citizens enjoy.”

    Related claims: claim-shunning-usa-paul-1987

    #
  51. 1988
    Event Blood doctrine

    Hospital Information Services and Hospital Liaison Committees

    The Governing Body sets up Hospital Information Services; by 1996 the organisation reports 6,465 elders serving on Hospital Liaison Committees worldwide. Source: The Watchtower (Study Edition), February 2022Source: 1996 Yearbook of Jehovah's Witnesses, 1996

    Open the evidence for Hospital Information Services and Hospital Liaison Committees

    Related claims: claim-blood-1988-hlc

    #
  52. 15 April 1988
    Published policy Shunning and family Prohibited

    Relatives outside the household: ‘almost no contact at all’

    Contact with a disfellowshipped relative who does not live in the home is to be ‘kept to a minimum’. Source: The Watchtower, 15 April 1988

    Open the evidence for Relatives outside the household: ‘almost no contact at all’
    Primary JW publication Verified

    The Watchtower, “Discipline That Can Yield Peaceable Fruit”

    15 April 1988 · pp.26-31 · par. 3, 13-14, 17, 20, 23; footnote a · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania

    “The situation is different if the disfellowshipped or disassociated one is a relative living outside the immediate family circle and home. It might be possible to have almost no contact at all with the relative. Even if there were some family matters requiring contact, this certainly would be kept to a minimum”

    Related claims: claim-shunning-household-vs-outside-household

    #
  53. 1 June 1988
    Change Doctrine changes Changed

    Sodom and Gomorrah: no resurrection (again)

    Reversing the 1965 ‘yes’, which had reversed the 1952 ‘no’. Source: The Watchtower, 1 June 1988

    Open the evidence for Sodom and Gomorrah: no resurrection (again)

    Related claims: claim-doctrine-sodom-1988-no-resurrection

    #
  54. 1 March 1989
    Change Blood doctrine Personal decision

    Cell salvage left to conscience; stored blood still excluded

    A Christian ‘who also would not let blood flow from him, be stored for some time, and later be put back into him’ might accept continuous-circuit salvage. Source: The Watchtower, 1 March 1989

    Open the evidence for Cell salvage left to conscience; stored blood still excluded
    Primary JW publication Verified

    The Watchtower, “Questions From Readers”

    1 March 1989 · pp.30-31 · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society

    “another Christian (who also would not let blood flow from him, be stored for some time, and later be put back into him) might conclude that a circuit with recovery from a surgical site and ongoing reinfusion would not violate his trained conscience.”

    Related claims: claim-blood-1989-cell-salvage-conscience

    #
  55. 1990
    Published policy Blood doctrine Prohibited

    Brochure lists five unacceptable categories

    ‘How Can Blood Save Your Life?’ states that Witnesses do not accept whole blood, red cells, white cells, platelets or plasma, while non-blood volume expanders are acceptable. Source: How Can Blood Save Your Life? (brochure), 1990

    Open the evidence for Brochure lists five unacceptable categories

    Related claims: claim-blood-1990-five-categories-rejected

    #
  56. 1 June 1990
    Change Blood doctrine Personal decision

    Immune globulin and albumin: ‘each must resolve the matter personally’

    Injections of fractions such as immune globulin or albumin are for each Christian to decide. Source: The Watchtower, 1 June 1990

    Open the evidence for Immune globulin and albumin: ‘each must resolve the matter personally’

    Related claims: claim-blood-1990-immune-globulin-conscience

    #
  57. 1992
    Event Authority and accountability

    The New York corporation becomes an associated NGO of the UN Department of Public Information

    The UN’s 2004 letter records an application in 1991, association in 1992, and agreed criteria including ‘support and respect of the principles of the Charter’. Source: United Nations Department of Public Information, NGO Section, 4 March 2004

    Open the evidence for The New York corporation becomes an associated NGO of the UN Department of Public Information
    Official public record Verified

    United Nations Department of Public Information, NGO Section, “Letter 'To Whom It May Concern' re association of the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York with DPI”

    4 March 2004 · pp.1-2 · Paul Hoeffel, Chief, NGO Section, Department of Public Information · United Nations

    “This organization applied for association with DPI in 1991 and was granted association in 1992. By accepting association with DPI, the organization agreed to meet criteria for association, including support and respect of the principles of the Charter of the United Nations and commitment and means to conduct effective information programmes with its constituents and to a broader audience about UN activities. In October 2001, the Main Representative of the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York to the United Nations, Ciro Aulicino, requested termination of its association with DPI. Following this request, the DPI made a decision to disassociate the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York as of 9 October 2001.”

    Related claims: claim-authority-1992-2001-un-dpi-ngo-association

    #
  58. 22 May 1994
    Event Blood doctrine

    Awake! presents young refusers as ‘Youths Who Put God First’

    The issue names six young people who refused blood; it records that three died and three were alive at the time of writing. Source: Awake!, 22 May 1994Source: Awake!, 22 May 1994

    Read the full account

    Open the evidence for Awake! presents young refusers as ‘Youths Who Put God First’

    Related claims: claim-blood-1994-awake-framing, claim-blood-1994-awake-six-named-outcomes

    #
  59. November 1995
    Later explanation Predictions and dates

    ‘Generation’ redefined; the Awake! promise removed

    The Watchtower says ‘Jehovah’s people have at times speculated’ and redefines the generation as ‘contemporary people of a certain historical period’. The Awake! page-4 statement drops ‘1914’ and ‘generation’. Source: The Watchtower, 1 November 1995Source: Our Kingdom Ministry, October 1996

    The generation of 1914

    Open the evidence for ‘Generation’ redefined; the Awake! promise removed
    Primary JW publication Verified

    The Watchtower, “Saved From a 'Wicked Generation' / A Time to Keep Awake”

    1 November 1995 · pp.10-21 · second article, par. 6 · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society

    “Jehovah's people have at times speculated about the time when the 'great tribulation' would break out, even tying this to calculations of what is the lifetime of a generation since 1914. ... Rather than provide a rule for measuring time, the term 'generation' as used by Jesus refers principally to contemporary people of a certain historical period, with their identifying characteristics.”

    Related claims: claim-predictions-1995-generation-redefined-wicked, claim-predictions-1995-masthead-changed

    #
  60. 1 November 1995
    Published policy Child safeguarding

    If an accusation is denied and there is no second witness, ‘nothing more can be done in a judicial way’

    The Watchtower instructs that the congregation ‘will continue to view the one accused as an innocent person’ where the accusation is denied and unsupported by a second witness. Source: The Watchtower, 1 November 1995

    Open the evidence for If an accusation is denied and there is no second witness, ‘nothing more can be done in a judicial way’
    Primary JW publication Verified

    The Watchtower, “Comfort for Those With a "Stricken Spirit"”

    1 November 1995 · pp.25-29 · section 'Repressed Memories', par. beginning 'If the accusation is denied' · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society

    “If the accusation is denied, the elders should explain to the accuser that nothing more can be done in a judicial way. And the congregation will continue to view the one accused as an innocent person. The Bible says that there must be two or three witnesses before judicial action can be taken. (2 Corinthians 13:1; 1 Timothy 5:19)”

    Related claims: claim-safeguarding-1995-innocent-person

    #
  61. 1 May 1996
    Change Doctrine changes Personal decision

    Civilian service becomes a decision ‘before Jehovah’

    A Witness who accepts civilian service ‘remains in good standing’. In 1998 the organisation acknowledged that some had ‘suffered’ under the earlier stance. Source: The Watchtower, 1 May 1996Source: The Watchtower, 15 August 1998

    Open the evidence for Civilian service becomes a decision ‘before Jehovah’
    Primary JW publication Verified

    The Watchtower, “Paying Back Caesar's Things to Caesar”

    1 May 1996 · pp.15-20 · par. 21 and footnote a (p. 20) · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society

    “That is his decision before Jehovah. Appointed elders and others should fully respect the conscience of the brother and continue to regard him as a Christian in good standing. If, however, a Christian feels that he cannot perform this civilian service, his position should also be respected. He too remains in good standing and should receive loving support.”

    Related claims: claim-doctrine-civilian-service-1996-conscience, claim-doctrine-civilian-service-1998-suffered

    #
  62. 1 January 1997
    Published policy Child safeguarding

    ‘A man known to have been a child molester does not qualify for a responsible position’

    The Watchtower states the congregation ‘will not protect him’ from state sanctions; the article does not instruct reporting. In March 1997 headquarters wrote to all bodies of elders asking about members ‘known to have been guilty of child molestation’, a letter later the subject of US discovery orders. Source: The Watchtower, 1 January 1997Source: Letter to All Bodies of Elders, 14 March 1997

    Open the evidence for ‘A man known to have been a child molester does not qualify for a responsible position’
    Primary JW publication Verified

    The Watchtower, “Let Us Abhor What Is Wicked”

    1 January 1997 · pp.26-29 · pars. on p. 29 (child molesters) · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society

    “For the protection of our children, a man known to have been a child molester does not qualify for a responsible position in the congregation. Moreover, he cannot be a pioneer or serve in any other special, full-time service.”

    Related claims: claim-safeguarding-1997-known-molester-no-position

    #
  63. April to June 2000
    Change Blood doctrine Disputed

    Disfellowshipping replaced by disassociation for accepting blood

    The congregation no longer initiates disfellowshipping; an unrepentant receiver is treated as having disassociated. The organisation calls this ‘a minor procedural change’ with ‘the same effect’; British newspapers report it as a relaxation, which the organisation disputes. Source: The Guardian, 15 June 2000Source: Deseret News (Associated Press), 24 June 2000Source: Jehovah's Witnesses — Official Statement to the Media on Blood Transfusions, 15 June 2000

    Open the evidence for Disfellowshipping replaced by disassociation for accepting blood
    Primary JW publication Supported

    Jehovah's Witnesses — Official Statement to the Media on Blood Transfusions, “Official Statement to the Media on Blood Transfusions”

    15 June 2000 · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society (statement); copy hosted by CESNUR

    “This represents a procedural change instituted in April 2000 in which the congregation no longer initiates the action to revoke membership in such cases. However, the end result is the same”

    Related claims: claim-blood-2000-procedural-change-disassociation, claim-blood-2000-guardian-report-disputed

    #
  64. 15 June 2000
    Published policy Blood doctrine Prohibited

    Four primary components ‘violates God’s law’; fractions personal

    ‘Jehovah’s Witnesses hold that accepting whole blood or any of those four primary components violates God’s law.’ Fractions of those components are left to conscience. Source: The Watchtower, 15 June 2000

    Open the evidence for Four primary components ‘violates God’s law’; fractions personal

    Related claims: claim-blood-2000-four-components-fractions

    #
  65. 15 October 2000
    Published policy Blood doctrine Prohibited

    Storing one’s own blood ‘conflicts with God’s law’

    Questions From Readers says Witnesses do not donate blood or store their own blood for transfusion; continuous-circuit procedures are left to the individual. Source: The Watchtower, 15 October 2000

    Open the evidence for Storing one’s own blood ‘conflicts with God’s law’

    Related claims: claim-blood-2000-own-blood-conflicts-with-gods-law

    #
  66. 8 to 9 October 2001
    Outcome Authority and accountability Disputed

    The Guardian reports the association; withdrawal requested within days

    The UN disassociates the Society as of 9 October 2001 at its own request. The organisation says registration was for library access and that the criteria changed; the UN says the criteria were agreed at association. Source: The Guardian, 8 October 2001Source: United Nations Department of Public Information, NGO Section, 4 March 2004

    Open the evidence for The Guardian reports the association; withdrawal requested within days
    Reputable reporting Verified

    The Guardian, “Jehovah's Witnesses link to UN queried — Sect accused of hypocrisy over association with organisation it has demonised”

    8 October 2001 · Stephen Bates, religious affairs correspondent · Guardian News & Media

    “The United Nations is being asked to investigate why it has granted associate status to the Jehovah's Witnesses … The UN itself admitted yesterday that it was surprised that the sect, whose formal name is the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, had been accepted on its list of non-governmental organisations for the last 10 years.”

    Official public record Verified

    United Nations Department of Public Information, NGO Section, “Letter 'To Whom It May Concern' re association of the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York with DPI”

    4 March 2004 · pp.1-2 · Paul Hoeffel, Chief, NGO Section, Department of Public Information · United Nations

    “This organization applied for association with DPI in 1991 and was granted association in 1992. By accepting association with DPI, the organization agreed to meet criteria for association, including support and respect of the principles of the Charter of the United Nations and commitment and means to conduct effective information programmes with its constituents and to a broader audience about UN activities. In October 2001, the Main Representative of the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York to the United Nations, Ciro Aulicino, requested termination of its association with DPI. Following this request, the DPI made a decision to disassociate the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York as of 9 October 2001.”

    Related claims: claim-authority-2001-withdrawal-within-days-of-guardian-report, claim-authority-2001-org-explanation-library-access-and-changed-criteria, claim-authority-2002-2004-un-said-criteria-unchanged-and-agreed-at-association

    #
  67. 15 June 2004
    Published policy Blood doctrine Prohibited

    Position restated with a fractions chart

    ‘Jehovah’s Witnesses do not accept transfusions of whole blood or of its four primary components—plasma, red cells, white cells, and platelets.’ Fractions: each Witness decides. Source: The Watchtower, 15 June 2004Source: The Watchtower, 15 June 2004

    Open the evidence for Position restated with a fractions chart

    Related claims: claim-blood-2004-position-restated

    #
  68. 2008 (revised 2014)
    Published policy Blood doctrine Prohibited

    ‘Keep Yourselves in God’s Love’ appendix

    The appendix directs members to tell doctors that ‘no blood transfusions (whole blood, red cells, white cells, platelets, or blood plasma) be given to me under any circumstances’, and repeats the fractions and own-blood conscience framework. Source: Keep Yourselves in God's Love (book), 2008

    Open the evidence for ‘Keep Yourselves in God’s Love’ appendix

    Related claims: claim-blood-2008-gods-love-appendix

    #
  69. 2008 to 2017
    Published policy Shunning and family Prohibited

    ‘Do not look for excuses’: email, phone, texts, social media

    The outside-household rule is progressively specified to exclude contact by e-mail (2013) and by ‘telephone, text messages, letters, e-mails, or social media’ (2017). Source: “Keep Yourselves in God’s Love” (lv), 2008Source: The Watchtower (Study Edition), 15 January 2013Source: The Watchtower (Study Edition), October 2017

    Open the evidence for ‘Do not look for excuses’: email, phone, texts, social media
    Primary JW publication Verified

    “Keep Yourselves in God’s Love” (lv), “Appendix: How to Treat a Disfellowshipped Person”

    2008 · pp.207-209 · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania

    “Although there might be a need for limited contact on some rare occasion to care for a necessary family matter, any such contact should be kept to a minimum. Loyal Christian family members do not look for excuses to have dealings with a disfellowshipped relative not living at home.”

    Primary JW publication Verified

    The Watchtower (Study Edition), “Let Nothing Distance You From Jehovah”

    15 January 2013 · pp.12-16 · par. 16-20 (quote at par. 19, p. 16) · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania

    “Really, what your beloved family member needs to see is your resolute stance to put Jehovah above everything else—including the family bond. ... Do not look for excuses to associate with a disfellowshipped family member, for example, through e-mail. (1 Cor. 5:11)”

    Related claims: claim-shunning-2008-2017-no-excuses-email-phone

    #
  70. 2010
    Published policy Child safeguarding

    Elders’ handbook: ‘Child abuse is a crime. Never suggest to anyone that they should not report’

    Elders are to call the branch office immediately on any accusation; reporting is described as the individual’s ‘absolute right’ and ‘personal decision’. Source: "Shepherd the Flock of God" (ks10-E), elders' handbook, 2010 edition, 2010

    Open the evidence for Elders’ handbook: ‘Child abuse is a crime. Never suggest to anyone that they should not report’
    Primary JW publication Verified

    "Shepherd the Flock of God" (ks10-E), elders' handbook, 2010 edition, “Chapter 12 (Handling Certain Judicial Matters), 'Child Abuse', pars. 18-21”

    2010 · pp.131-132 · pars. 18-19 · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania

    “Child abuse is a crime. Never suggest to anyone that they should not report an allegation of child abuse to the police or other authorities. If you are asked, make it clear that whether to report the matter to the authorities or not is a personal decision for each individual to make and that there are no congregation sanctions for either decision.”

    Related claims: claim-safeguarding-2010-handbook-absolute-right

    #
  71. 2008 to 2014
    Later explanation Predictions and dates

    The ‘overlapping generation’

    The generation becomes the anointed (2008), then two overlapping groups of anointed (2010, 2014), whose lives together span from 1914 to the great tribulation. Source: The Watchtower (Study Edition), 15 February 2008Source: The Watchtower (Study Edition), 15 April 2010Source: The Watchtower (Study Edition), 15 January 2014

    The generation of 1914

    Open the evidence for The ‘overlapping generation’
    Primary JW publication Verified

    The Watchtower (Study Edition), “'Let Your Kingdom Come'—But When?”

    15 January 2014 · pp.30-31 · pars. 15-16 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York

    “We understand that in mentioning 'this generation,' Jesus was referring to two groups of anointed Christians. The first group was on hand in 1914 ... The second group ... were anointed with holy spirit during the time that those of the first group were still on earth. ... at least some of 'this generation will by no means pass away' before seeing the start of the great tribulation.”

    Related claims: claim-predictions-2008-2010-2014-overlapping-generation

    #
  72. 15 July 2011
    Published policy Authority and accountability

    ‘We also refuse to … examine their Web sites’

    Apostates are described as ‘mentally diseased’ (quoting 1 Timothy 6:4 in the New World Translation); members should not read their literature or examine their websites. Source: The Watchtower (study edition), 15 July 2011

    Open the evidence for ‘We also refuse to … examine their Web sites’
    Primary JW publication Verified

    The Watchtower (study edition), “Will You Heed Jehovah’s Clear Warnings?”

    15 July 2011 · pp.15-19 · par. 6-7 (p. 16) · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania

    “Well, apostates are “mentally diseased,” and they seek to infect others with their disloyal teachings. [par. 6] … We also refuse to read their literature, watch TV programs that feature them, examine their Web sites, or add our comments to their blogs. [par. 7]”

    Related claims: claim-authority-2011-apostates-mentally-diseased-refuse-to-read

    #
  73. June 2012 to April 2015
    Finding Child safeguarding

    Conti v Watchtower: jury award, reduction and partial reversal

    A California jury awards about $28 million; punitive damages are reduced by the trial court and then reversed on appeal; liability for failing to supervise a known abuser’s door-to-door work is affirmed. Source: California Court of Appeal, First District, Division Three, 13 April 2015

    Open the evidence for Conti v Watchtower: jury award, reduction and partial reversal
    Official public record Verified

    California Court of Appeal, First District, Division Three, “Conti v. Watchtower Bible & Tract Society of New York, Inc., 235 Cal.App.4th 1214 (No. A136641)”

    13 April 2015 · Holdings and disposition · California Courts (opinion text via FindLaw)

    “The elders of the Fremont Congregation had no duty to depart from Watchtower's policy of confidentiality and warn the members of the Congregation that Kendrick had molested a child.”

    Related claims: claim-safeguarding-conti-verdict-and-appeal

    #
  74. 15 July 2013
    Published policy Authority and accountability Changed

    ‘Our spiritual health and our relationship with God depend on this channel’

    The faithful slave is redefined as the Governing Body, appointed in 1919. Source: The Watchtower (study edition), 15 July 2013

    Open the evidence for ‘Our spiritual health and our relationship with God depend on this channel’
    Primary JW publication Verified

    The Watchtower (study edition), ““Who Really Is the Faithful and Discreet Slave?””

    15 July 2013 · pp.20-25 · par. 3 (p. 20); par. 10 (p. 22); pars. 12-13 (p. 23) · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society

    “that slave is made up of a small group of anointed brothers who are directly involved in preparing and dispensing spiritual food during Christ's presence. … In 1919, a time of spiritual revival, Jesus selected capable anointed brothers from among them to be the faithful and discreet slave and appointed them over his domestics.”

    Related claims: claim-authority-2013-faithful-slave-redefined-as-governing-body

    #
  75. 15 July 2013
    Change Doctrine changes Changed

    The ‘faithful and discreet slave’ redefined as the Governing Body

    From all anointed Christians collectively to ‘a small group of anointed brothers’ appointed in 1919. Source: The Watchtower (study edition), 15 July 2013

    Open the evidence for The ‘faithful and discreet slave’ redefined as the Governing Body
    Primary JW publication Verified

    The Watchtower (study edition), ““Who Really Is the Faithful and Discreet Slave?””

    15 July 2013 · pp.20-25 · par. 3 (p. 20); par. 10 (p. 22); pars. 12-13 (p. 23) · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society

    “that slave is made up of a small group of anointed brothers who are directly involved in preparing and dispensing spiritual food during Christ's presence. … In 1919, a time of spiritual revival, Jesus selected capable anointed brothers from among them to be the faithful and discreet slave and appointed them over his domestics.”

    Related claims: claim-doctrine-fds-2013-governing-body-1919

    #
  76. 15 November 2013
    Published policy Authority and accountability

    ‘Obey any instructions … whether these appear sound from a strategic or human standpoint or not’

    In the context of a future attack, life-saving direction from the organisation ‘may not appear practical from a human standpoint’. Source: The Watchtower (study edition), 15 November 2013

    Open the evidence for ‘Obey any instructions … whether these appear sound from a strategic or human standpoint or not’
    Primary JW publication Verified

    The Watchtower (study edition), “Seven Shepherds, Eight Dukes—What They Mean for Us Today”

    15 November 2013 · pp.16-20 · par. 17 (p. 20) · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania

    “At that time, the life-saving direction that we receive from Jehovah’s organization may not appear practical from a human standpoint. All of us must be ready to obey any instructions we may receive, whether these appear sound from a strategic or human standpoint or not.”

    Related claims: claim-authority-2013-obey-instructions-whether-sound-or-not

    #
  77. June 2014
    Event Child safeguarding

    Charity Commission opens statutory inquiries

    Inquiries into Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Britain and the Manchester New Moston congregation; the charity litigates the inquiry up to the Supreme Court. Source: Charity Commission for England and Wales, 10 June 2014

    Open the evidence for Charity Commission opens statutory inquiries

    Related claims: claim-safeguarding-watch-tower-britain-inquiry-2023

    #
  78. 15 April 2015
    Later explanation Shunning and family

    ‘Why Disfellowshipping Is a Loving Provision’

    The organisation’s rationale: protecting the congregation’s cleanness and bringing the wrongdoer to his senses. Source: The Watchtower (Study Edition), 15 April 2015Source: The Watchtower, 15 July 1995

    Open the evidence for ‘Why Disfellowshipping Is a Loving Provision’

    Related claims: claim-shunning-2015-loving-provision-rationale

    #
  79. 19 June 2015
    Finding Child safeguarding

    English High Court: organisation vicariously liable

    A v Trustees of the Watchtower [2015] EWHC 1722 (QB): liable for a ministerial servant’s abuse and for elders’ failure to protect. Source: High Court of Justice, Queen's Bench Division, 19 June 2015

    Open the evidence for English High Court: organisation vicariously liable
    Official public record Verified

    High Court of Justice, Queen's Bench Division, “A v The Trustees of the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society and others [2015] EWHC 1722 (QB) (HQ13X01985)”

    19 June 2015 · paras 25, 90, 91 ff., final paragraph · Mr Justice Globe · Courts and Tribunals Judiciary (approved judgment)

    “he was ostensibly performing his duties as a Jehovah's Witness ministerial servant. I am satisfied that the progressive acts of intimacy were only possible because he had the actual or ostensible status of a ministerial servant that meant no one who saw him questioned his being alone with the claimant. ... In such circumstances, in my judgment, it is fair and just to hold the defendants to be vicariously liable for his acts.”

    Related claims: claim-safeguarding-a-v-watchtower-vicarious-liability

    #
  80. July to August 2015
    Event Child safeguarding

    Australian Royal Commission, Case Study 29: public hearing

    Two survivors and twelve institutional witnesses give evidence; Governing Body member Geoffrey Jackson testifies by video on 14 August. The organisation’s files record allegations against 1,006 people since 1950. Source: Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse, October 2016Source: Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse, Case Study 29, transcript Day 155, 14 August 2015

    Open the evidence for Australian Royal Commission, Case Study 29: public hearing
    Official public record Verified

    Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse, “Report of Case Study No. 29: The response of the Jehovah's Witnesses and Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of Australia Ltd to allegations of child sexual abuse”

    October 2016 · pp.1-110 (ISBN 978-1-925289-89-3) · pp. 10-12, 14, 24-25, 58-70, 75-78 · The Hon. Justice Peter McClellan AM (Chair); Professor Helen Milroy (Commissioner) · Commonwealth of Australia

    “Although the position is not clear in relation to a few files, there is otherwise no evidence before the Royal Commission of the Jehovah's Witness organisation having reported to police or other secular authority a single one of the 1,006 alleged perpetrators of child sexual abuse recorded in the case files held by Watchtower Australia.”

    Official public record Supported

    Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse, Case Study 29, transcript Day 155, “Evidence of Geoffrey William Jackson (member of the Governing Body), 14 August 2015”

    14 August 2015 · pp.15929-16000 · p. 15937 lines 35-47; p. 15966 lines 6-17; p. 15967 lines 19-47 to p. 15968 line 13; p. 15971 line 43 to p. 15972 line 10; p. 15988 lines 24-33 · Transcript produced by DTI · Commonwealth of Australia

    “Q. And do you see yourselves as Jehovah God's spokespeople on earth? A. That I think would seem to be quite presumptuous to say that we are the only spokesperson that God is using.”

    Related claims: claim-safeguarding-1006-files-no-evidence-of-reporting, claim-safeguarding-jackson-presumptuous-spokesperson

    #
  81. 9 November 2015
    Later explanation Child safeguarding

    The organisation’s submissions: the two-witness requirement ‘is not a matter for debate’

    Watchtower Australia argues that familial abuse is not institutional abuse, that there is ‘no safer institution’, and that the rule’s only consequence is to preclude internal judicial action. Source: Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse, Case Study 29, 9 November 2015

    Open the evidence for The organisation’s submissions: the two-witness requirement ‘is not a matter for debate’
    Official public record Verified

    Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse, Case Study 29, “Submissions on behalf of Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of Australia & Others (SUBM.1029.001.0001)”

    9 November 2015 · pp.1-141 · pars. 5.17-5.18, 9.12-9.19, 9.210-9.216, 9.355-9.359 · Counsel for Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of Australia Ltd and the elder witnesses · Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse (Commonwealth of Australia)

    “Jehovah's Witnesses consider that the requirement for two witnesses is not a matter for debate as it is based on Scriptural requirements found in the Mosaic Law and reiterated by Jesus Christ and the Apostle Paul. Even when the requisite Scriptural evidence is lacking, elders nevertheless take precautionary measures.”

    Related claims: claim-safeguarding-org-submission-no-safer-institution

    #
  82. 2016 conventions
    Event Shunning and family

    The ‘Sonja’ video: shun unrepentant wrongdoers, including family

    The 2016 regional convention video ‘Loyally Uphold Jehovah’s Judgments—Shun Unrepentant Wrongdoers’ is used again in the 2017 meeting workbook. Source: jw.org Newsroom, 4 May 2016Source: Life and Ministry Meeting Workbook, September 2017

    Open the evidence for The ‘Sonja’ video: shun unrepentant wrongdoers, including family
    Primary JW publication Verified

    Life and Ministry Meeting Workbook, “Be Loyal When a Relative Is Disfellowshipped”

    September 2017 · p.8 · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania

    “Watch the video Loyally Uphold Jehovah’s Judgments—Shun Unrepentant Wrongdoers, and then answer the following questions: What situation tested the loyalty of Sonja’s parents? What helped them to remain loyal? How did their loyalty to Jehovah benefit Sonja?”

    Related claims: claim-shunning-2016-sonja-video

    #
  83. 1 August 2016
    Change Child safeguarding Changed

    New letter to all bodies of elders, ‘Protecting Minors From Abuse’

    Replaces the October 2012 letter; the organisation later tells the Commission the 2012 letter ‘no longer applies’. Source: Letter to All Bodies of Elders, 1 August 2016

    Open the evidence for New letter to all bodies of elders, ‘Protecting Minors From Abuse’
    Primary JW publication Supported

    Letter to All Bodies of Elders, “'Protecting Minors From Abuse', letter to all bodies of elders, 1 August 2016 (exhibited at Royal Commission Case Study 54, 10 March 2017)”

    1 August 2016 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of Australia (on behalf of the Governing Body's direction) · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society

    “That is a letter to All Bodies of Elders dated 1 August 2016. It is on the letterhead of the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of Australia.”

    Related claims: claim-safeguarding-reforms-2016-2025

    #
  84. 3 August 2016
    Event Authority and accountability

    Brooklyn headquarters complex sold for $340 million

    The 25/30 Columbia Heights complex is sold; further Brooklyn sales follow. The organisation’s releases confirm the sales but not the prices. Source: The Real Deal, 4 August 2016Source: jw.org Newsroom, 5 August 2016

    Open the evidence for Brooklyn headquarters complex sold for $340 million

    Related claims: claim-authority-2016-brooklyn-headquarters-sold-for-340m

    #
  85. October 2016
    Finding Child safeguarding

    Report of Case Study 29: ‘We do not believe that children are adequately protected’

    Findings: no evidence of any of the 1,006 alleged perpetrators having been reported by the organisation; a general practice of not reporting unless required by law; the two-witness rule’s application to child sexual abuse ‘is wrong’; men-only decision-making ‘a fundamental flaw’. Source: Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse, October 2016

    Open the evidence for Report of Case Study 29: ‘We do not believe that children are adequately protected’
    Official public record Verified

    Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse, “Report of Case Study No. 29: The response of the Jehovah's Witnesses and Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of Australia Ltd to allegations of child sexual abuse”

    October 2016 · pp.1-110 (ISBN 978-1-925289-89-3) · pp. 10-12, 14, 24-25, 58-70, 75-78 · The Hon. Justice Peter McClellan AM (Chair); Professor Helen Milroy (Commissioner) · Commonwealth of Australia

    “Although the position is not clear in relation to a few files, there is otherwise no evidence before the Royal Commission of the Jehovah's Witness organisation having reported to police or other secular authority a single one of the 1,006 alleged perpetrators of child sexual abuse recorded in the case files held by Watchtower Australia.”

    Related claims: claim-safeguarding-general-practice-not-reporting, claim-safeguarding-arc-two-witness-wrong, claim-safeguarding-women-excluded-from-decisions

    #
  86. October 2016
    Finding Shunning and family

    Australian Royal Commission: survivors put in an ‘untenable position’

    Shunning is ‘an inextricable component of the institutional response to child sexual abuse’ and ‘makes it extremely difficult for a person to leave the organisation’. Source: Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse (Australia), Report of Case Study No. 29: The response of the Jehovah’s Witnesses and Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of Australia Ltd to allegations of child sexual abuse, October 2016

    Open the evidence for Australian Royal Commission: survivors put in an ‘untenable position’
    Official public record Verified

    Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse (Australia), Report of Case Study No. 29: The response of the Jehovah’s Witnesses and Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of Australia Ltd to allegations of child sexual abuse, “Section 7.7 Shunning; summary of problematic policies (p. 13)”

    October 2016 · pp.13, 70-72 · section 7.7; endnotes 618-636 · Commonwealth of Australia (ISBN 978-1-925289-89-3, CC BY 3.0 AU)

    “The Jehovah’s Witness organisation’s practice of shunning members who disassociate from the organisation has the very real potential of putting a survivor in the untenable position of having to choose between constant re-traumatisation at having to share a community with their abuser and losing that entire community altogether.”

    Related claims: claim-shunning-australia-royal-commission-2016

    #
  87. February 2017
    Later explanation Authority and accountability

    ‘The Governing Body is neither inspired nor infallible’

    ‘Therefore, it can err in doctrinal matters or in organizational direction.’ Five months later: stick to the organisation ‘no matter what imperfections may surface’. Source: The Watchtower (study edition), February 2017Source: The Watchtower (study edition), July 2017

    Open the evidence for ‘The Governing Body is neither inspired nor infallible’
    Primary JW publication Verified

    The Watchtower (study edition), “Who Is Leading God’s People Today?”

    February 2017 · pp.23-28 · par. 12 (p. 26); par. 13 (p. 26) · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania

    “The Governing Body is neither inspired nor infallible. Therefore, it can err in doctrinal matters or in organizational direction. In fact, the Watch Tower Publications Index includes the heading “Beliefs Clarified,” which lists adjustments in our Scriptural understanding since 1870.”

    Primary JW publication Verified

    The Watchtower (study edition), “Winning the Battle for Your Mind”

    July 2017 · pp.27-30 · p. 30, section 'Do Not Allow Your Confidence to Be Undermined' · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania

    “Be determined to stick to Jehovah’s organization and loyally support the leadership he provides—no matter what imperfections may surface. … Do not be “quickly shaken from your reason” when faced with what appear to be damaging attacks by apostates or other such deceivers of the mind—however plausible their charges may seem.”

    Related claims: claim-authority-2017-governing-body-neither-inspired-nor-infallible, claim-authority-2017-stick-to-organisation-however-plausible-the-charges

    #
  88. February 2017
    Later explanation Predictions and dates

    ‘Neither inspired nor infallible’

    The Watchtower states that the Governing Body ‘can err in doctrinal matters or in organizational direction’ and points to the ‘Beliefs Clarified’ index of adjustments since 1870. Source: The Watchtower (Study Edition), February 2017

    Open the evidence for ‘Neither inspired nor infallible’
    Primary JW publication Verified

    The Watchtower (Study Edition), “Who Is Leading God's People Today?”

    February 2017 · p.26 · par. 12 · Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York

    “The Governing Body is neither inspired nor infallible. Therefore, it can err in doctrinal matters or in organizational direction. In fact, the Watch Tower Publications Index includes the heading 'Beliefs Clarified,' which lists adjustments in our Scriptural understanding since 1870.”

    Related claims: claim-predictions-defence-individual-brothers-speculated

    #
  89. 10 March 2017
    Later explanation Child safeguarding

    Follow-up hearing: the rule ‘can’t be changed or avoided’; 15 of 17 new allegations reported

    The Australian branch says the two-witness rule is scriptural and cannot be changed, and that its reporting practice has changed: where a child is at risk, ‘the matter is to be reported to the police’. Source: Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse, Case Study 54 (Institutional review of the Jehovah's Witnesses), transcript Day 259, 10 March 2017Source: ABC News (Australia), 10 March 2017

    Open the evidence for Follow-up hearing: the rule ‘can’t be changed or avoided’; 15 of 17 new allegations reported
    Official public record Supported

    Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse, Case Study 54 (Institutional review of the Jehovah's Witnesses), transcript Day 259, “Evidence of Terrence O'Brien and Rodney Spinks, 10 March 2017”

    10 March 2017 · pp.26486-26574 · pp. 26491-26493, 26500, 26505, 26513, 26524-26525, 26530, 26543 · Transcript produced by DTI · Commonwealth of Australia

    “THE CHAIR: Yes. But if there are not two witnesses, you don't accept it, do you? MR O'BRIEN: Because scripturally we're not able to.”

    Related claims: claim-safeguarding-two-witness-not-applied-to-reporting

    #
  90. 26 July 2017
    Finding Child safeguarding

    Charity Commission: Manchester New Moston congregation

    Misconduct or mismanagement by the trustees; victims ‘badly let down’; a convicted man was permitted to question those he had been convicted of assaulting at an internal appeal hearing. Source: Charity Commission for England and Wales, 26 July 2017Source: Charity Commission for England and Wales, 26 July 2017

    Open the evidence for Charity Commission: Manchester New Moston congregation

    Related claims: claim-safeguarding-manchester-new-moston-misconduct

    #
  91. 15 December 2017
    Finding Child safeguarding

    Royal Commission Final Report: recommendations to abandon the two-witness rule for child sexual abuse, involve women, and stop shunning survivors who leave

    Recommendations 16.27 to 16.29 (wording recorded as ‘supported’: the volume could not be downloaded from the Commission’s site during research). None has been adopted. Source: Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse, Final Report, Volume 16 Religious institutions, Book 3, 15 December 2017

    Open the evidence for Royal Commission Final Report: recommendations to abandon the two-witness rule for child sexual abuse, involve women, and stop shunning survivors who leave
    Official public record Supported

    Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse, Final Report, Volume 16 Religious institutions, Book 3, “Chapter 15 Jehovah's Witnesses; Recommendations 16.27-16.29”

    15 December 2017 · Recommendations 16.27, 16.28, 16.29 · Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse · Commonwealth of Australia

    “abandon its application of the two witness rule in cases involving complaints of child sexual abuse”

    Related claims: claim-safeguarding-final-report-recommendations

    #
  92. 31 May 2018
    Finding Shunning and family

    Supreme Court of Canada: membership decisions not reviewable by courts

    Highwood Congregation v. Wall: courts cannot review the disfellowshipping decisions of a private religious body. Source: Supreme Court of Canada, Highwood Congregation of Jehovah’s Witnesses (Judicial Committee) v. Wall, 2018 SCC 26, [2018] 1 S.C.R. 750, 31 May 2018

    Open the evidence for Supreme Court of Canada: membership decisions not reviewable by courts
    Official public record Verified

    Supreme Court of Canada, Highwood Congregation of Jehovah’s Witnesses (Judicial Committee) v. Wall, 2018 SCC 26, [2018] 1 S.C.R. 750, “Case in Brief (official summary) and judgment (Rowe J. for a unanimous Court)”

    31 May 2018 · Supreme Court of Canada

    “courts can only review the decisions of public decision-makers and that private decision-makers don’t have to follow fair procedures unless an enforceable legal right is at stake”

    Related claims: claim-shunning-canada-highwood-2018

    #
  93. May 2019
    Later explanation Child safeguarding

    The Watchtower: two witnesses are not required before an allegation can be reported

    ‘This requirement does not apply to whether elders or others report allegations of a crime.’ ‘The absence of a second witness does not mean that the one making the accusation is untruthful.’ Source: The Watchtower (study edition), May 2019

    Open the evidence for The Watchtower: two witnesses are not required before an allegation can be reported

    Related claims: claim-safeguarding-two-witness-not-applied-to-reporting

    #
  94. 19 August 2019
    Event Blood doctrine

    Official video: parents recount their son’s death after refusing transfusion

    JW Broadcasting publishes Gary and Beth Septer’s account of Jerod, diagnosed with lymphoma in 1991 aged 11, who died in June 1992. Source: JW Broadcasting (JW.org video), 19 August 2019

    Read about the video

    Open the evidence for Official video: parents recount their son’s death after refusing transfusion
    Primary JW publication Verified

    JW Broadcasting (JW.org video), “Gary and Beth Septer: “Jehovah Is Close to the Brokenhearted””

    19 August 2019 · Duration 6 min 15 s; category ‘Endurance’ (VODIntExpEndurance); media key pub-jwb_E_201908_4_VIDEO · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania

    “Jerod was diagnosed with lymphoma cancer in the middle of 1991. We started trying to figure out how we could get him the treatment that he needed, of course, but in no way would we accept a blood transfusion, and neither would Jerod.”

    Related claims: claim-blood-2019-septer-video-account

    #
  95. 8 January 2020
    Finding Child safeguarding

    Montana Supreme Court reverses a $35 million verdict

    The 2018 Nunez verdict is reversed because Montana’s reporting law exempts clergy whose doctrine requires confidentiality; the reversal is not a finding that the abuse was handled properly. Source: Montana Supreme Court, 8 January 2020

    Open the evidence for Montana Supreme Court reverses a $35 million verdict
    Official public record Verified

    Montana Supreme Court, “Nunez v. Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc., 2020 MT 8 (DA 19-0077)”

    8 January 2020 · paras 25, 33 · Montana Supreme Court (opinion text via FindLaw)

    “A member of the clergy or a priest is not required to make a report under this section if the communication is required to be confidential by canon law, church doctrine, or established church practice.”

    Related claims: claim-safeguarding-nunez-montana-reversed

    #
  96. 23 January 2020
    Finding Child safeguarding

    Netherlands: 751 reports to a government-commissioned study; injunction to block publication refused

    Utrecht University’s study for the Ministry of Justice and Security receives 751 reports; the District Court refuses the organisation’s application to stop publication; the Minister tells Parliament the picture is ‘extremely concerning’. Source: Utrecht University news, 23 January 2020Source: Rechtbank Midden-Nederland (District Court of Central Netherlands), voorzieningenrechter, 23 January 2020Source: Tweede Kamer der Staten-Generaal, Kamerstuk 34843 nr. 39, 27 January 2020

    Open the evidence for Netherlands: 751 reports to a government-commissioned study; injunction to block publication refused
    Official public record Verified

    Rechtbank Midden-Nederland (District Court of Central Netherlands), voorzieningenrechter, “Christelijke Gemeente van Jehovah's Getuigen Nederland c.s. v Universiteit Utrecht and the State, ECLI:NL:RBMNE:2020:227 (kort geding, C/16/495765 / KG ZA 20-25)”

    23 January 2020 · Section 4 'De beslissing', 4.1-4.2 · mr. R.A. Steenbergen (voorzieningenrechter) · Raad voor de Rechtspraak (open data)

    “Juridisch gezien ligt de drempel voor een publicatieverbod hoog. Het belang dat met het rapport gediend wordt, weegt zwaarder dan de bezwaren van de Jehovah's Getuigen, ook omdat die bezwaren voor een belangrijk deel onjuist zijn.”

    Official public record Verified

    Tweede Kamer der Staten-Generaal, Kamerstuk 34843 nr. 39, “Brief van de Minister voor Rechtsbescherming inzake seksuele intimidatie en geweld (WODC-rapport Jehova's getuigen)”

    27 January 2020 · S. Dekker, Minister voor Rechtsbescherming · Officiële bekendmakingen (overheid.nl)

    “uit het onderzoek blijkt dat redenen zijn om aan te nemen dat het doen van aangifte bemoeilijkt wordt door het gesloten karakter van de gemeenschap”

    Related claims: claim-safeguarding-utrecht-751-reports, claim-safeguarding-dutch-court-refused-publication-ban, claim-safeguarding-dutch-minister-response

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  97. 16 March 2021
    Finding Shunning and family Disputed

    Ghent criminal court convicts the Belgian association

    Conviction for incitement to discrimination and hatred; fine of €96,000 (a €12,000 base fine multiplied by the statutory surcharge). Overturned on appeal in June 2022; the appeal outcome upheld by the Court of Cassation in December 2023. Source: Unia (Belgian Interfederal Centre for Equal Opportunities) case-law database: Correctionele rechtbank Oost-Vlaanderen, afdeling Gent, 16 maart 2021, 16 March 2021Source: Unia case-law database: Hof van beroep Gent, 7 juni 2022, 7 June 2022Source: Unia case-law database: Hof van Cassatie, 19 december 2023, P.22.0971.N, 19 December 2023

    Open the evidence for Ghent criminal court convicts the Belgian association
    Official public record Verified

    Unia (Belgian Interfederal Centre for Equal Opportunities) case-law database: Correctionele rechtbank Oost-Vlaanderen, afdeling Gent, 16 maart 2021, “vzw Christelijke Gemeente van Jehovah’s Getuigen — conviction for incitement to discrimination and hatred”

    16 March 2021 · Unia

    “De vzw Christelijke Gemeente van Jehovah’s Getuigen werd veroordeeld tot een geldboete van 96.000 euro voor het aanzetten tot discriminatie en haat tegen ex-leden.”

    Related claims: claim-shunning-belgium-2021-2023

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  98. 2 September 2021
    Finding Child safeguarding

    IICSA: the two-witness rule ‘has no place in any response to child sexual abuse’

    The UK inquiry records allegations concerning 67 individuals in ten years, finds the documents explaining referral to authorities are not circulated to members, and criticises the delay in Lancashire County Council v E & F. Source: Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse (IICSA), 2 September 2021

    Open the evidence for IICSA: the two-witness rule ‘has no place in any response to child sexual abuse’
    Official public record Verified

    Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse (IICSA), “Child protection in religious organisations and settings: Investigation Report”

    2 September 2021 · pp.Part B para 15.4 (p. 15); Part D paras 19-21 (pp. 42-43); Part E paras 6.3-7 (pp. 65-66); Part F para 17 (pp. 91-92); Part H para 25 (p. 113) · Part H.1 para 25 · Professor Alexis Jay OBE (Chair) and Panel · Crown copyright (HC 705)

    “The rule is not intended to be a safeguarding measure. Nevertheless, it has no place in any response to child sexual abuse and fails to reflect the reality that by its very nature child sexual abuse is most often perpetrated in the absence of witnesses. ... As it presently operates, the Jehovah's Witnesses internal disciplinary process for disfellowshipping members bears no relationship to how sexual crime happens. The continuing use of this rule shows a disregard of the seriousness of the crimes involved and their impact on individuals. It also lacks compassion for the victim, and serves to protect the perpetrator.”

    Related claims: claim-safeguarding-iicsa-two-witness-no-place, claim-safeguarding-iicsa-67-allegations, claim-safeguarding-lancashire-2020-case

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  99. 2022 to 2023
    Event Child safeguarding

    Pennsylvania statewide grand jury: charges against individual members

    At least fourteen men are charged; the Attorney General describes the investigation of the organisation as ongoing. Charges are allegations against individuals; no defendant is named here. Source: The Philadelphia Inquirer, 7 July 2023Source: Associated Press (via WESA, Pittsburgh), 20 April 2023

    Open the evidence for Pennsylvania statewide grand jury: charges against individual members

    Related claims: claim-safeguarding-pennsylvania-grand-jury

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  100. 4 August 2023
    Finding Child safeguarding

    Charity Commission concludes a nine-year inquiry into Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Britain

    The regulator finds the charity’s responses ‘not as straightforward and as transparent as they should have been’ and that the policy is set globally at world headquarters; it does not conclude that trustees deliberately failed to cooperate. Source: Charity Commission for England and Wales, 4 August 2023Source: Charity Commission for England and Wales, 4 August 2023

    Open the evidence for Charity Commission concludes a nine-year inquiry into Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Britain

    Related claims: claim-safeguarding-watch-tower-britain-inquiry-2023

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  101. 15 December 2023
    Change Doctrine changes Personal decision

    Beards become ‘a personal decision’

    Reversing 2016 guidance that beards were ‘not considered acceptable for Christian ministers’ in some places. Source: JW Broadcasting — 2023 Governing Body Update #8, 15 December 2023

    Open the evidence for Beards become ‘a personal decision’
    Primary JW publication Verified

    JW Broadcasting — 2023 Governing Body Update #8, “2023 Governing Body Update #8 (official English subtitles)”

    15 December 2023 · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society

    “The Governing Body does not have an issue with brothers wearing beards. Why not? Because the Scriptures do not condemn the wearing of beards. … Thus, whether a brother wears a beard is a personal decision. A brother's qualifications to serve as an elder or ministerial servant are based on his spirituality, not on whether he chooses to wear a beard. … In harmony with Romans 14:4, neither the elders nor any other Christian should feel compelled to judge a brother who chooses to wear a beard.”

    Related claims: claim-doctrine-beards-2023-personal-decision

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  102. 4 March 2024
    Finding Shunning and family

    Oslo District Court upholds Norway’s refusal of grants and registration

    The court held the practice infringed children’s rights and the right of free withdrawal; for baptised minors it would be ‘nearly impossible’ to exercise the right to withdraw. Source: Oslo tingrett (Oslo District Court), judgment TOSL-2022-186588 / TOSL-2023-23178, 4 March 2024

    Open the evidence for Oslo District Court upholds Norway’s refusal of grants and registration

    Related claims: claim-shunning-norway-2024-district-court

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  103. 15 March 2024
    Change Doctrine changes Changed

    A ‘simple greeting’ to removed persons permitted; terminology changed

    ‘In the past, we would not greet such a person.’ ‘Disfellowshipped’ becomes ‘removed from the congregation’ from August 2024. Source: JW Broadcasting — 2024 Governing Body Update #2, 15 March 2024Source: The Watchtower (study edition), August 2024

    Open the evidence for A ‘simple greeting’ to removed persons permitted; terminology changed
    Primary JW publication Verified

    JW Broadcasting — 2024 Governing Body Update #2, “2024 Governing Body Update #2 (official English subtitles)”

    15 March 2024 · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society

    “Under our current arrangement, we don't say a greeting to individuals who've been removed from the congregation. However, the Governing Body has decided that publishers can use their Bible-trained conscience to decide whether to give a simple greeting and welcome a disfellowshipped individual who attends a congregation meeting.”

    Primary JW publication Verified

    The Watchtower (study edition), “Help for Those Who Are Removed From the Congregation (Study Article 35)”

    August 2024 · pp.26-31 · par. 14 (pp. 30-31); footnote b (p. 31) · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society

    “In the past, we would not greet such a person. Here again, each Christian needs to use his Bible-trained conscience in this matter. Some may feel comfortable with greeting or welcoming the person to the meeting. However, we would not have an extended conversation or socialize with the individual.”

    Related claims: claim-doctrine-shunning-2024-greeting-permitted, claim-doctrine-shunning-2024-terminology

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  104. 15 March 2024
    Change Shunning and family Changed

    A ‘simple greeting’ at meetings becomes a conscience matter

    Publishers may greet and welcome a removed person at a meeting and invite them to meetings; elders to follow up after ‘a few months’. Socialising and eating together remain excluded. Source: jw.org (Governing Body Update video), 15 March 2024

    Open the evidence for A ‘simple greeting’ at meetings becomes a conscience matter
    Primary JW publication Verified

    jw.org (Governing Body Update video), “2024 Governing Body Update #2”

    15 March 2024 · Mark Sanderson (Governing Body) · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania

    “Under our current arrangement, we don’t say a greeting to individuals who’ve been removed from the congregation. However, the Governing Body has decided that publishers can use their Bible-trained conscience to decide whether to give a simple greeting and welcome a disfellowshipped individual who attends a congregation meeting.”

    Related claims: claim-shunning-2024-governing-body-update-changes, claim-shunning-2024-what-did-not-change

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  105. May 2024
    Change Doctrine changes Changed

    Survival of the tribulation and Sodom’s resurrection reconsidered

    The Flood is no longer a ‘prophetic type’; some may respond after the tribulation begins; of Sodom, ‘we cannot say for sure’. Source: The Watchtower (study edition), May 2024Source: The Watchtower (study edition), May 2024

    Open the evidence for Survival of the tribulation and Sodom’s resurrection reconsidered
    Primary JW publication Verified

    The Watchtower (study edition), “What Do We Know About Jehovah's Future Judgments? (Study Article 19)”

    May 2024 · pp.8-13 · pars. 3-4 (p. 9); par. 12 (p. 11) · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society

    “In the past, we said that once the great tribulation begins, no unbelievers will be able to take their stand for Jehovah and survive Armageddon. We came to that conclusion because we understood that the account of the Flood was a prophetic type. … Should we view the account of the Flood as a prophetic type? The answer is no. Why? Because there is no direct Scriptural support for doing so.”

    Primary JW publication Verified

    The Watchtower (study edition), “Trust in the Merciful “Judge of All the Earth”! (Study Article 18)”

    May 2024 · pp.2-7 · par. 5 (p. 3); par. 8 (p. 3); par. 15 (p. 6) · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society

    “We have said that for such individuals as those in Sodom and Gomorrah, there is no hope of a future resurrection. But further prayerful study has raised the question, Can we really say that with certainty? … Can we say for certain, then, that none of them will rise in the “resurrection of . . . the unrighteous”? No, we cannot say for sure!”

    Related claims: claim-doctrine-tribulation-2024-reconsidered, claim-doctrine-sodom-2024-cannot-say

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  106. August 2024
    Change Shunning and family Changed

    ‘Removed from the congregation’ replaces ‘disfellowshipped’; minors and reinstatement adjusted

    ‘In the past, we would not greet such a person.’ Baptised minors first meet two elders with their parents; reinstatement follow-up after a few months. The announcement wording and the outside-household guidance are unchanged. Source: The Watchtower (Study Edition), August 2024Source: The Watchtower (Study Edition), August 2024

    Open the evidence for ‘Removed from the congregation’ replaces ‘disfellowshipped’; minors and reinstatement adjusted
    Primary JW publication Verified

    The Watchtower (Study Edition), “Study Article 35: Help for Those Who Are Removed From the Congregation”

    August 2024 · pp.26-31 · par. 3-6, 10-15; footnote b; box · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania

    “In the past, we would not greet such a person. Here again, each Christian needs to use his Bible-trained conscience in this matter. Some may feel comfortable with greeting or welcoming the person to the meeting. However, we would not have an extended conversation or socialize with the individual.”

    Primary JW publication Verified

    The Watchtower (Study Edition), “Study Article 34: Responding to Sin With Love and Mercy”

    August 2024 · pp.20-25 · par. 17-18 · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania

    “What about baptized minors—those under 18 years of age—who engage in serious wrongdoing? The body of elders will arrange for two elders to meet with the minor and his Christian parents. ... However, what if a baptized minor unrepentantly persists in a wrong course? In that case, a committee of elders will meet with him along with his Christian parents.”

    Related claims: claim-shunning-2024-terminology-removed, claim-shunning-2024-minors-procedure, claim-shunning-reinstatement-process-and-timing

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  107. 14 March 2025
    Finding Shunning and family

    Borgarting Court of Appeal reverses

    The State had not shown that baptised minors actually experience pressure not to withdraw. Source: Borgarting lagmannsrett (Borgarting Court of Appeal), judgment of 14 March 2025, 14 March 2025Source: Rett24 (Norwegian legal news), 14 March 2025

    Open the evidence for Borgarting Court of Appeal reverses
    Official public record Supported

    Borgarting lagmannsrett (Borgarting Court of Appeal), judgment of 14 March 2025, “Jehovas vitner v. Staten v/Barne- og familiedepartementet”

    14 March 2025 · Borgarting lagmannsrett

    “The State has not demonstrated in concrete terms whether, and to what extent, baptised minor members of Jehovah’s Witnesses actually experience pressure not to commit norm violations or not to withdraw, out of fear of being subjected to a disfellowshipping process ... and of losing relationships with family and friends within the religious community.”

    Related claims: claim-shunning-norway-2025-court-of-appeal

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  108. 22 August 2025
    Change Doctrine changes Personal decision

    Additional education ‘a matter for personal decision’

    ‘No Christian—including the elders—should judge a fellow Christian’s personal decision on this matter.’ Source: JW Broadcasting — 2025 Governing Body Update #5, 22 August 2025

    Open the evidence for Additional education ‘a matter for personal decision’
    Primary JW publication Verified

    JW Broadcasting — 2025 Governing Body Update #5, “2025 Governing Body Update #5 (official English subtitles)”

    22 August 2025 · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society

    “With this update, we'd like to clarify our understanding: While there are dangers involved in pursuing certain forms of education, basically, whether to obtain additional education or not is a matter for personal decision. … no Christian—including the elders—should judge a fellow Christian's personal decision on this matter.”

    Related claims: claim-doctrine-education-2025-personal-decision

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  109. September 2025 edition
    Published policy Child safeguarding Changed

    ‘Jehovah’s Witnesses’ Scripturally Based Position on Child Protection’ (current edition)

    ‘Elders comply with child abuse reporting laws’; the branch office will instruct elders to report ‘if the victim or another minor is in danger of abuse’ even where no law requires it; the internal process ‘is not a replacement for the authorities’ handling of the matter’. Source: Jehovah's Witnesses' Scripturally Based Position on Child Protection (cpt-E 9/25), September 2025Source: Child Sexual Abuse—Guidelines for Branch Office Service Desks, 1 December 2021

    Open the evidence for ‘Jehovah’s Witnesses’ Scripturally Based Position on Child Protection’ (current edition)
    Primary JW publication Verified

    Jehovah's Witnesses' Scripturally Based Position on Child Protection (cpt-E 9/25), “Jehovah's Witnesses' Scripturally Based Position on Child Protection”

    September 2025 · pp.1-2 · pars. 3-5, 11-15 · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania (jw.org)

    “Elders comply with child abuse reporting laws. When elders learn of an allegation of child abuse, they immediately consult with the branch office of Jehovah's Witnesses for legal advice on proper reporting procedure and for the protection of children. (Romans 13:1) Even in jurisdictions with no reporting requirements, the branch office of Jehovah's Witnesses will instruct the elders to report the matter if the victim or another minor is in danger of abuse.”

    Primary JW publication Verified

    Child Sexual Abuse—Guidelines for Branch Office Service Desks, “Child Sexual Abuse—Guidelines for Branch Office Service Desks (Annexure K to CCJW Australasia response to NZ Royal Commission Notice to Produce 1)”

    1 December 2021 · pp.1-10 · pars. 1, 5, 6, 8 · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania (World Headquarters Legal Department); produced by Christian Congregation of Jehovah's Witnesses (Australasia) (doc ID JHV0000013)

    “If the victim or another minor is still in danger of abuse, the elders should report the matter to the secular authorities even if there is not a legal obligation to do so.”

    Related claims: claim-safeguarding-reforms-2016-2025, claim-safeguarding-call-legal-department-first, claim-safeguarding-report-when-minor-in-danger

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  110. 20 March 2026
    Change Blood doctrine Personal decision

    Own blood: storage and reuse become a personal decision

    2026 Governing Body Update #2 says the Bible ‘does not comment’ on the use of a person’s own blood; each Christian decides. Source: JW.org News, 20 March 2026Source: Associated Press, 20 March 2026

    Open the evidence for Own blood: storage and reuse become a personal decision
    Primary JW publication Verified

    JW.org News, “2026 Governing Body Update #2”

    20 March 2026 · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania

    “Christians are not under the Mosaic Law. However, we obey the apostolic command to ‘abstain from blood.’ Furthermore, the Bible does not comment on the use of a person’s own blood in medical and surgical care. Therefore, like other choices about health care, each Christian must make his own decision about the use of his own blood in all medical and surgical care.”

    Related claims: claim-blood-2026-own-blood-personal

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  111. 29 April 2026
    Finding Shunning and family Disputed

    Norway’s Supreme Court, 3–2: refusals invalid, but the practice ‘may entail a clear psychological pressure not to withdraw’

    The majority found no improper pressure under Article 9; two justices found the right to withdraw infringed. The court recorded as undisputed that contact with non-household relatives is ‘permitted only in necessary family matters’ and that ‘the threshold for such contact is relatively high’. Source: Supreme Court of Norway (Høyesterett), judgment HR-2026-1009-A (case no. 25-089326SIV-HRET), official English translation published 16 July 2026, 29 April 2026

    Open the evidence for Norway’s Supreme Court, 3–2: refusals invalid, but the practice ‘may entail a clear psychological pressure not to withdraw’
    Official public record Verified

    Supreme Court of Norway (Høyesterett), judgment HR-2026-1009-A (case no. 25-089326SIV-HRET), official English translation published 16 July 2026, “The State (Ministry of Children and Families) v. Jehovah’s Witnesses; European Association of Jehovah’s Witnesses (intervener)”

    29 April 2026 · paras 4, 39-45, 94-102, 110-127, 149-152, 227-230 · Norges Høyesterett

    “Members of the religious community are thus not to associate with former members, whether disfellowshipped or withdrawn. This also applies to close relatives, unless they belong to the same household. Family ties are not severed, but with regard to family members other than those with whom one lives, contact is permitted only in necessary family matters. It is undisputed that the threshold for such contact is relatively high.”

    Related claims: claim-shunning-norway-2026-supreme-court

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  112. 30 April 2026
    Finding Authority and accountability

    Norway’s Supreme Court rules on state grants

    After the 2022 denial of grants and deregistration, and a 2024 district-court loss, the Supreme Court finds for Jehovah’s Witnesses by three votes to two. Source: NRK, 30 April 2026Source: jw.org Newsroom, 8 May 2026

    Open the evidence for Norway’s Supreme Court rules on state grants
    Reputable reporting Supported

    NRK, “Høyesterett har talt: Staten kan ikke nekte Jehovas vitner statstilskudd og registrering”

    30 April 2026 · Amalie Sande Henden, Viktor Sødal · NRK

    “Supreme Court (5 judges) split 3-2 in favour of Jehovas vitner on the exclusion/free-withdrawal question; unanimous that children's rights were not violated; State to pay roughly NOK 100 million in retroactive grants plus over NOK 10.5 million costs (as summarised by the fetch tool)”

    Related claims: claim-authority-norway-grants-denied-2022-and-overturned-2026

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  113. 15 May 2026
    Finding Child safeguarding

    New Zealand High Court: the NZ Royal Commission’s Jehovah’s Witnesses case study was unlawful

    The case study exceeded the inquiry’s terms of reference. This site does not rely on its findings; documents produced to it are used only as authentic copies with provenance stated. Source: High Court of New Zealand, Wellington Registry, 15 May 2026

    Open the evidence for New Zealand High Court: the NZ Royal Commission’s Jehovah’s Witnesses case study was unlawful
    Official public record Verified

    High Court of New Zealand, Wellington Registry, “Christian Congregation of Jehovah's Witnesses (Australasia) Ltd v Royal Commission of Inquiry into Historical Abuse in State Care and in the Care of Faith-based Institutions [2026] NZHC 1295”

    15 May 2026 · pp.63 pp. · [205] · Boldt J · Courts of New Zealand

    “I declare that the whole of the Commission's "Jehovah's Witnesses" case study was unlawful as it exceeded the inquiry's terms of reference.”

    Related claims: claim-safeguarding-nz-case-study-declared-unlawful

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  114. 18 September 2026
    Change Blood doctrine Personal decision

    Red cells, white cells, plasma and platelets become personal decisions

    2026 Governing Body Update #6 and a Questions From Readers article make the four primary components, and donation for components or fractions, personal decisions. Whole blood remains prohibited. Source: JW.org (Questions From Readers), 18 September 2026Source: JW.org Global News (press release), 18 September 2026Source: Associated Press, 18 September 2026

    Open the evidence for Red cells, white cells, plasma and platelets become personal decisions
    Primary JW publication Verified

    JW.org (Questions From Readers), “How Do Jehovah’s Witnesses Show Respect for Life?”

    18 September 2026 · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania

    “After further prayerful consideration, the Governing Body has decided that this same principle applies to the four primary components of whole blood—red cells, white cells, plasma, and platelets—that are derived from another person’s blood. Therefore, each Christian must make his own personal decision about the use of these four primary components in all medical and surgical care.”

    Primary JW publication Verified

    JW.org Global News (press release), “Jehovah’s Witnesses: Each Witness Now Decides Whether to Accept or Donate Main Blood Components”

    18 September 2026 · Office of Public Information, Jehovah’s Witnesses (Paul Gillies quoted) · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania

    “The Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses announced on Friday that the decision to accept red cells, white cells, plasma or platelets from another person's blood is a matter of personal conscience. Likewise, each Witness must decide whether or not to donate blood for the clearly expressed purpose of providing components or fractions for use by another person. … The long-standing refusal of whole-blood transfusions on religious grounds, a core teaching based on the command to 'abstain from blood' (Acts 15:20), is unchanged.”

    Reputable reporting Verified

    Associated Press, “Jehovah’s Witnesses allow blood-derived products but keep ban on whole-blood transfusions”

    18 September 2026 · Peter Smith · The Associated Press

    ““Each Christian must make his own personal decision about the use of these four primary components in all medical and surgical care,” said Geoffrey W. Jackson, a member of the Governing Body.”

    Related claims: claim-blood-2026-components-personal, claim-blood-2026-whole-blood-still-prohibited, claim-blood-2026-donation-for-components-personal

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  115. 18 September 2026
    Later explanation Blood doctrine

    The organisation’s framing: an ‘adjustment’

    The announcement calls the change ‘an adjustment to our position on blood components’; the article says the Governing Body is ‘not authorized to “go beyond the things that are written”’. Source: JW.org News, 18 September 2026

    Open the evidence for The organisation’s framing: an ‘adjustment’

    Related claims: claim-blood-2026-org-calls-it-adjustment

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