In Paul v. Watchtower (819 F.2d 875, 9th Cir. 1987) entschied das Gericht, die Meidung sei 'a part of the faith' (ein Teil des Glaubens) und 'constitutionally protected' (verfassungsrechtlich geschützt), erkannte dabei an, dass 'the harms suffered by Janice Paul are real and not insubstantial' (die von Janice Paul erlittenen Schäden real und nicht unerheblich sind), und bezeichnete sie als 'a price well worth paying to safeguard the right of religious difference' (einen Preis, der für den Schutz des Rechts auf religiöse Andersartigkeit gut angelegt ist); der Supreme Court lehnte eine Überprüfung ab; Der Wachtturm vom 15. April 1988 stellte den Fall so dar, dass er bestätige, eine gemiedene Person 'cannot recover damages' (könne keinen Schadenersatz erlangen).

In Paul v. Watchtower (819 F.2d 875, 9th Cir. 1987) entschied das Gericht, die Meidung sei 'a part of the faith' (ein Teil des Glaubens) und 'constitutionally protected' (verfassungsrechtlich geschützt), erkannte dabei an, dass 'the harms suffered by Janice Paul are real and not insubstantial' (die von Janice Paul erlittenen Schäden real und nicht unerheblich sind), und bezeichnete sie als 'a price well worth paying to safeguard the right of religious difference' (einen Preis, der für den Schutz des Rechts auf religiöse Andersartigkeit gut angelegt ist); der Supreme Court lehnte eine Überprüfung ab; Der Wachtturm vom 15. April 1988 stellte den Fall so dar, dass er bestätige, eine gemiedene Person 'cannot recover damages' (könne keinen Schadenersatz erlangen). Source: United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, Paul v. Watchtower Bible & Tract Society of New York, Inc., 819 F.2d 875 (9th Cir. 1987), No. 85-4012, 10. Juni 1987Source: The Watchtower, 15. April 1988

Die Position der Organisation oder ihre spätere Erklärung: w88 4/15, Abs. 20: 'the person is feeling a loss brought on by his or her own actions' — die Person empfinde einen Verlust, den sie durch ihr eigenes Handeln herbeigeführt habe.

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United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, Paul v. Watchtower Bible & Tract Society of New York, Inc., 819 F.2d 875 (9th Cir. 1987), No. 85-4012, “Opinion by Reinhardt, Circuit Judge (Wright, Tang, Reinhardt)”

10. Juni 1987 · pp.819 F.2d 875 · paras 1, 11-12, 23, 36-37 (as numbered in the Public.Resource.Org text) · United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit

“Although we recognize that the harms suffered by Janice Paul are real and not insubstantial, permitting her to recover for intangible or emotional injuries would unconstitutionally restrict the Jehovah’s Witnesses free exercise of religion. ... The constitutional guarantee of the free exercise of religion requires that society tolerate the type of harms suffered by Paul as a price well worth paying to safeguard the right of religious difference that all citizens enjoy.”

Facts: Paul left in 1975 after her parents were disfellowshipped; after the 1981 change, former friends 'told Paul that she was to be treated as if she had been disfellowshiped and that they could not speak with her'. Holding: 'Because the practice of shunning is a part of the faith of the Jehovah’s Witness, we find that the "free exercise" provision ... precludes the plaintiff from prevailing. The defendants have a constitutionally protected privilege to engage in the practice of shunning.' Argued 7 March 1986. Certiorari denied, 484 U.S. 926 (2 Nov 1987) (CourtListener search record opened).

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Hinweis zu Herkunft und Überprüfung for United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, Paul v. Watchtower Bible & Tract Society of New York, Inc., 819 F.2d 875 (9th Cir. 1987), No. 85-4012, Opinion by Reinhardt, Circuit Judge (Wright, Tang, Reinhardt)

Hinweis zur Vertrauensangabe. Full opinion text opened on law.resource.org (Public.Resource.Org copy of the Federal Reporter); wording confirmed. Justia, FindLaw and CourtListener pages were blocked or empty.

Herkunft des Scans. Public.Resource.Org (public-domain court opinion).

Untermauert durch. src-w-1988-0415-discipline-peaceable-fruit

Abgerufen. 19. September 2026 · Quellenkennung. src-court-us-1987-0610-paul-v-watchtower

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Primärveröffentlichung von Jehovas Zeugen Geprüft

The Watchtower, “Discipline That Can Yield Peaceable Fruit”

15. April 1988 · pp.26-31 · par. 3, 13-14, 17, 20, 23; footnote a · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania

“The situation is different if the disfellowshipped or disassociated one is a relative living outside the immediate family circle and home. It might be possible to have almost no contact at all with the relative. Even if there were some family matters requiring contact, this certainly would be kept to a minimum”

Household relatives: 'normal family affections and dealings can continue' (par. 13). Reports the outcome of Paul v. Watchtower and concludes a shunned person 'cannot recover damages ... the person is feeling a loss brought on by his or her own actions' (par. 20). Footnote a: 2 John 11 'could well mean not to say even "hello" to such ones'.

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Hinweis zu Herkunft und Überprüfung for The Watchtower, Discipline That Can Yield Peaceable Fruit

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Abgerufen. 19. September 2026 · Quellenkennung. src-w-1988-0415-discipline-peaceable-fruit

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