En Paul v. Watchtower (819 F.2d 875, 9th Cir. 1987) el tribunal sostuvo que el ostracismo es 'una parte de la fe' y está 'protegido constitucionalmente', a la vez que reconoció que 'los daños sufridos por Janice Paul son reales y no insignificantes' y los describió como 'un precio que bien merece la pena pagar para salvaguardar el derecho a la diferencia religiosa'; el Tribunal Supremo de Estados Unidos no admitió el recurso; La Atalaya del 15 de abril de 1988 presentó el caso como confirmación de que una persona sometida al ostracismo 'cannot recover damages' (no puede obtener una indemnización).

En Paul v. Watchtower (819 F.2d 875, 9th Cir. 1987) el tribunal sostuvo que el ostracismo es 'una parte de la fe' y está 'protegido constitucionalmente', a la vez que reconoció que 'los daños sufridos por Janice Paul son reales y no insignificantes' y los describió como 'un precio que bien merece la pena pagar para salvaguardar el derecho a la diferencia religiosa'; el Tribunal Supremo de Estados Unidos no admitió el recurso; La Atalaya del 15 de abril de 1988 presentó el caso como confirmación de que una persona sometida al ostracismo 'cannot recover damages' (no puede obtener una indemnización). Source: United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, Paul v. Watchtower Bible & Tract Society of New York, Inc., 819 F.2d 875 (9th Cir. 1987), No. 85-4012, 10 de junio de 1987Source: The Watchtower, 15 de abril de 1988

La posición de la organización o su explicación posterior: w88 4/15 párr. 20: 'the person is feeling a loss brought on by his or her own actions' (la persona siente una pérdida provocada por sus propias acciones).

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Registro público oficial Verificado

United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, Paul v. Watchtower Bible & Tract Society of New York, Inc., 819 F.2d 875 (9th Cir. 1987), No. 85-4012, “Opinion by Reinhardt, Circuit Judge (Wright, Tang, Reinhardt)”

10 de junio de 1987 · pp.819 F.2d 875 · paras 1, 11-12, 23, 36-37 (as numbered in the Public.Resource.Org text) · United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit

“Although we recognize that the harms suffered by Janice Paul are real and not insubstantial, permitting her to recover for intangible or emotional injuries would unconstitutionally restrict the Jehovah’s Witnesses free exercise of religion. ... The constitutional guarantee of the free exercise of religion requires that society tolerate the type of harms suffered by Paul as a price well worth paying to safeguard the right of religious difference that all citizens enjoy.”

Facts: Paul left in 1975 after her parents were disfellowshipped; after the 1981 change, former friends 'told Paul that she was to be treated as if she had been disfellowshiped and that they could not speak with her'. Holding: 'Because the practice of shunning is a part of the faith of the Jehovah’s Witness, we find that the "free exercise" provision ... precludes the plaintiff from prevailing. The defendants have a constitutionally protected privilege to engage in the practice of shunning.' Argued 7 March 1986. Certiorari denied, 484 U.S. 926 (2 Nov 1987) (CourtListener search record opened).

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Nota de procedencia y verificación for United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, Paul v. Watchtower Bible & Tract Society of New York, Inc., 819 F.2d 875 (9th Cir. 1987), No. 85-4012, Opinion by Reinhardt, Circuit Judge (Wright, Tang, Reinhardt)

Nota de confianza. Full opinion text opened on law.resource.org (Public.Resource.Org copy of the Federal Reporter); wording confirmed. Justia, FindLaw and CourtListener pages were blocked or empty.

Procedencia del escaneo. Public.Resource.Org (public-domain court opinion).

Corroborado por. src-w-1988-0415-discipline-peaceable-fruit

Consultado. 19 de septiembre de 2026 · Identificador de la fuente. src-court-us-1987-0610-paul-v-watchtower

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Publicación primaria de los testigos de Jehová Verificado

The Watchtower, “Discipline That Can Yield Peaceable Fruit”

15 de abril de 1988 · pp.26-31 · par. 3, 13-14, 17, 20, 23; footnote a · Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania

“The situation is different if the disfellowshipped or disassociated one is a relative living outside the immediate family circle and home. It might be possible to have almost no contact at all with the relative. Even if there were some family matters requiring contact, this certainly would be kept to a minimum”

Household relatives: 'normal family affections and dealings can continue' (par. 13). Reports the outcome of Paul v. Watchtower and concludes a shunned person 'cannot recover damages ... the person is feeling a loss brought on by his or her own actions' (par. 20). Footnote a: 2 John 11 'could well mean not to say even "hello" to such ones'.

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Nota de procedencia y verificación for The Watchtower, Discipline That Can Yield Peaceable Fruit

Nota de confianza. Raw WOL HTML fetched; wording and page markers 26-31 confirmed.

Corroborado por. src-court-us-1987-0610-paul-v-watchtower

Consultado. 19 de septiembre de 2026 · Identificador de la fuente. src-w-1988-0415-discipline-peaceable-fruit

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